07/04/2026
Breastfeeding is a public health issue
For babies
Breastfeeding is associated with lower risks of gastrointestinal infection, respiratory infection, otitis media, and infant mortality. In preterm infants, human milk is also associated with a lower risk of necrotising enterocolitis. Across childhood, breastfeeding is associated with lower risks of obesity, type 1 diabetes, malocclusion, inflammatory bowel disease, and childhood leukaemia, and with favourable neurodevelopmental outcomes. WHO also states that over 820,000 childrenโs lives could be saved each year if children 0 to 23 months were optimally breastfed.
For mothers
Breastfeeding is also associated with long term maternal health benefits. The evidence supports lower risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease among women with longer lifetime lactation. These associations are reported in systematic reviews and large cohort analyses, and your uploaded maternal health review reflects the same pattern.
For families
Breastfeeding can reduce household spending on formula, bottles, teats, sterilising equipment, and related feeding supplies. It may also reduce costs linked to illness, medical visits, medicines, hospital care, and time away from work when babies are unwell. Breastfeeding is economically advantageous for families and society.
For communities and health systems
Breastfeeding outcomes are shaped by much more than maternal intention. The evidence shows that maternity care practices, prenatal education, skilled support, family and clinician encouragement, workplace protections, and public acceptance all influence whether breastfeeding is established and continues. WHO and public health literature both frame breastfeeding as something that must be protected, promoted, and supported through policy and health systems.
For the planet
Breastfeeding has a lower environmental impact than infant formula feeding. Breast milk does not require industrial manufacture, packaging, shipping, tins, scoops, bottle systems, fuel for preparation, or ongoing cleaning with detergents in the way formula feeding does. Recent environmental analyses report that formula feeding has a substantially higher environmental impact than breastfeeding, and your uploaded review also notes the added burdens of packaging waste, transport, energy use, and water consumption.
Protect breastfeeding. Protect public health.