31/05/2026
Class 70: Renal & Urinary Assessment
(Urine Output, Color, Frequency & What They Tell You)
Kidney āĻšāϞ⧠āĻļāϰā§āϰā§āϰ natural filterāĨ¤ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ BP, pulse normal āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠urine output āĻāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŋā§ā§ kidney injury āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āύāĻžāϰā§āϏ urine āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻĢā§āϞ⧠āĻĻā§ā§ āύāĻžâobserve āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
A) āĻā§āύ Renal Assessment āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ?
Kidney āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§:
Waste āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāϤā§
Fluid balance āĻ āĻŋāĻ āϰāĻžāĻāϤā§
Electrolyte balance āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āϰāĻžāĻāϤā§
BP āύāĻŋā§āύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāϤā§
B) Urine Output Assessment
Normal Adult Urine Output
đ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§ 0.5â1 mL/kg/hr
āϏāĻšāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§:
Adult patient â 30 mL/hr āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϞā§
Oliguria
< 400â500 mL/day
Anuria
< 100 mL/day
Polyuria
> 2500â3000 mL/day
C) Urine Color Assessment
Normal
đĄ Pale yellow to amber
Abnormal Colors
đ´ Red/Pink
Blood
Some medications
Food (beetroot)
đ¤ Dark Brown
Severe dehydration
Liver disease
đĸ Cloudy
UTI
Pus cells
âĢ Very Dark
Serious renal/liver issue
D) Urine Odor
Normal
Mild smell
Abnormal
Strong foul smell â Infection
Sweet/fruity smell â Diabetes (ketones)
E) Frequency Assessment
Ask:
āĻāϤāĻŦāĻžāϰ urine āĻāϰāĻā§?
āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āĻā§?
Burning sensation āĻāĻā§?
Common Problems
Frequency
UTI
Diabetes
Urgency
Bladder irritation
Dysuria (Painful urination)
UTI
Stone
F) Hydration Status & Urine
Well Hydrated
Light yellow urine
Good output
Dehydrated
Dark urine
Low output
Dry mouth
đ¨ G) Red Flag Findings
â ī¸ Urine output Urine output 1200 mL/24 hr, clear yellow, no dysuria.
Clinical Tip
Urine output āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§ BP-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻ shock detect āĻāϰāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āϤāĻžāĻ ICU, post-op, critical patient āĻ hourly urine monitoring āĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
"The kidney speaks through urine. A smart nurse listens."
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