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14/07/2021

Child Abused by Adapting parents

Kazi Shahed
Behavioral health Therapist, BHT, USA

Definition of Adaptation-
"Adoption is the practice in which an adult assumes the role of parent for a child who is not the adult's biological offspring. The process usually involves some legal paperwork."

Child Abuse :
Physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment or neglect of a child.
Child Abuse has been defined as an act, or failure to act, on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in the death, serious physical or emotional harm, Sexual Abuse, or exploitation of a child, or which places the child in an imminent risk of serious harm Child-abuse laws raise difficult legal and political issues, pitting the right of children to be free from harm, on the one hand, against the right of families to privacy and the rights of parents to raise and discipline their children without government interference, on the other.
Child abuse can be physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual. It can also result from neglect. Abuse can result in serious injury to the child and possibly even death. ... Verbal abuse involves harming a child by, for example, belittling them or threatening physical or sexual acts.

Child abused by Adapting parents :
The mistreatment of children at the hands of parents or caretakers has a long history. For centuries, this behavior was shielded by a system of laws that gave children few, if any, rights. Under English Common Law, children were treated as property owned by the parents. Parents, particularly fathers, had great latitude over the treatment and discipline of children. This outlook was carried to the American colonies and incorporated into early laws in the United States.
One of the first cases to bring national attention to child abuse arose in the early 1870s. An eight-year-old New York orphan named Mary Ellen Wilson complained of being whipped and beaten nearly every day by her foster family. Her case captured the attention of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). An attorney for the ASPCA took Wilson's case, arguing that as members of the animal kingdom, children are entitled to the same legal protections from cruelty as are animals. A judge heard evidence that Wilson's foster family, the Connollys, routinely beat her, locked her in a bedroom, and made her sleep on the floor. Charged with Assault and Battery, Wilson's foster mother was convicted and sentenced to one year of hard labor. Even more significantly, publicity surrounding Wilson's case led to the establishment, in 1874, of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. The following year, the New York Legislature passed a statute that authorized such societies to file complaints of child abuse with law enforcement agencies.

শিল্প, সাহিত্য, সংস্কৃতির পাশাপাশি পশ্চিম দুনিয়ার বেশ কিছু সামাজিক ও মানসিক রোগ বাংলাদেশে ছড়িয়েছে দেখে অবাক না হলেও আশাহত হলাম। কারন It's to early for Bangladesh. সনাতন রক্ষনশীল পারিবারিক সমাজ ব্যাবস্থার ভেতরে সামাজিক অনাচার বা অনৈতিক যৌন আচরন শোভন নয়, কাম্য নয়। HIV/AIDS এর মত ভাইরাল সংক্রমিত রোগ শারিরীক কারনে সনাতন বা আধুনিক,যে কোনো সমাজে ছড়াতেই পারে। কিনতু Adapt Child Abuse, Foster child abuse is a psychosocial disease and Disaster also. যেটি আমেরিকা- ইউরোপ থেকে ক্রমেই বাংলাদেশে বিস্তার লাভ করেঁছে। আমরিকাতে Adapt child abuse অথবা Child abuse in Foster care এর হার আশংকাজনক ভাবে বেশী। কেবল আমেরিকায়েই প্রতি বছর ৫ মিলিয়ন reported case for child abused by Adapting parents,যার মধ্যে বেশির ভাগ কেইস ই প্রকাশিত এবং নথিবন্ধ। সরকার হিমশিম খাচছে এই সামাজিক অনাচার এর পরবর্তী করনীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্রহনে। আমেরিকান কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের মজবুত সামাজিক নিরাপত্তা বলয় (federal social security program) অনেক অনেক অর্থ ব্যায় করে নির্যাতীত এই সকল শিশু- কিশোরদের care-support -treatment এর কাজ করে যাচ্ছেন।মনোসামাজিক পরামর্শক হিসেবে আমি ব্যক্তিগতভাবে "Sexual abuse child's by adapting parents" এর ভুক্তভোগী শিশু - কিশোর জনগোষ্টীর সাথে কাজ করছি বিগত বেশ কবছর যাবত। বিষয়টি নিয়ে American Psychological Association(APA) ও কাজ করে চলেছে বিগত ৩০ বছরের বেশী সময় ধরে।
যে বিষয়টি আমি উল্লেখ করতে চাই সেটি হলো,

দীর্ঘ মেয়াদী ক্ষতিকর প্রভাব বিষয়ে
(long term effect of child abuse in a society).
পালক পরিবারের যৌন নির্যাতিত শিশু কিশোরদের শারিরীক ক্ষতির চাইতে মানসিক
বিকাশ ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয় সবচাইতে বেশী। বিভিন্ন ধরনের মনোবৈকল্যসহ বিষননতা, আগ্রাসন, অপরাধ প্রবনতা, হঠকারিতা, সামাজিক অপরাধ, আততহত্যা প্রবনতা, সহ অসংখ্য Antisocial personality develope করে এবং পরিনত বয়সে Antisocial personality disorder রোগে পরিনতি লাভ করে। এক পর্যায়ে মানসিক হাসপাতাল অথবা জেলখানার ভেতরে সমাপ্ত হয় এক একটি সম্ভাবনাময় জীবন। আর তাদের অজ্ঞাত মানসিক সমস্যার কারনে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত করে যায় নিজেদের যাপিত সমাজ সংসারের।Antisocial personality disorder রোগের কারনে হত্যা, খুন, গুম , অগনিসংযোগ, চুরি, ডাকাতি সহ বহুবিধ সাইড ইফেকট এর ফলে স্থায়ীভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয় সমাজ।
আশা করছিলাম বাংলাদেশে এই জটিল সামাজিক মানসিক ব্যাধিটি ছড়াবে না বা গড়াবে না হয়তো, কিনতু ছড়িয়েছে। এখন থেকেই পরিবার, বিদ্যালয়, সামাজিক প্রতিষ্ঠান, সমাজের সকল Stake holder এবং মূলত বাংলাদেশ সরকারকে এই "Sexual Abused Children's by adapting parents" দের মানসিক চিকিত্সা এবং কেয়ার সাপোর্ট এর দিকে নজর দিতে হবে। কারন সবেমাত্র একটি কেস রিপোর্টেড, এই সংখ্যা বাড়বে দ্রুতই, সন্দেহ নাই।

03/07/2021

Alzheimer’s disease

⁃ Kazi Shahed
Behavioral health Therapist, BHT, USA

The Alzheimer’s Association estimates that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes 60 to 80 percent of all dementia. The exact cause of AD isn’t known, but several causes are thought to be possible.
Abnormal buildup in the brain
The buildup of two abnormal structures in the brain, called amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is common in AD. The buildup may be part of the cause, although scientists are unclear about if these findings could be the result of the disease instead.
Amyloid plaques are clumps of beta-amyloid, a piece of a protein that is found in the normal brain. When these beta-amyloid proteins clump together, they form plaques that can disrupt communication between nerve cells and cause brain inflammation. People with AD have an abundance of these plaques in the hippocampus, the part of the brain involved in memory. The transfer of short-term memories into long-term memories is often disrupted in AD. Learn about other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurofibrillary tangles are fibrous tangles of an abnormal protein called tau. Tau is an important fiber-like protein that keeps microtubules in the brain stable. Microtubules move nutrients, molecules, and information to other cells. When tau is harmfully altered, possibly due to genetic mutation, the fibers get twisted up together. This makes the microtubules unstable and causes them to disintegrate. This effect can collapse the whole neuron transport system.
Genetic mutations
Some people develop AD as young as their early 30s and 40s. This is called early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. There are three known gene mutations believed to be part of the formationof the amyloid plaques in early onset AD. These three gene mutations do not play a role in the more common type of AD, which is sometimes referred to as late onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer’s disease overview
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes brain cell death. This progressive disease, which causes a distinct pattern of pathological changes in the brain, is most common among older adults. However, it’s possible for adults as young as 30 to experience early-onset Alzheimer’s.
People who suffer from this condition may start off experiencing mild forgetfulness and confusion. As the disease progresses and brain cells die, symptoms become more apparent. Someone with AD may become lost in familiar places and forget conversations. The disease can also affect thinking, reasoning, and decision-making, and cause mood and behavioral changes.
While much progress has been made in AD research, the exact cause is unknown. Although scientists don’t fully understand the triggers, factors that may contribute to the disease include genetics and lifestyle and environmental factors. Many scientists also believe that a buildup of two abnormal structures in the brain play an important role. These structures are called amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Amyloid plaques
Amyloid plaques are dense, mostly insoluble clumps of protein fragments. They leave a highly damaging substance outside and around the brain’s nerve cells.
People with AD have a buildup of these plaques in their hippocampus. The hippocampus is the part of your brain involved with memory, including how short-term memories are stored into long-term memories.
Your ability to function in everyday life can be affected by an unhealthy hippocampus. Everything you do involves your ability to acquire, store, and retrieve memories. This can be anything from remembering if you ate lunch, to recognizing a loved one or recalling if you turned off the stove.
The hippocampus is also essential to spatial memory and spatial navigation. Spatial memory is how you retain information about your surroundings. Spatial navigation involves how you travel to a destination. Research suggests early hippocampus damage may explain why people with AD often wander and get lost.

25/06/2021

Right based approach for the Garment worker’s in Bangladesh.

Kazi Shahed
Psychologist
Rights and Social Justice Advocate …..🍀

The textile industry is a major source of employment in developing countries. While it has helped several million people rise out of extreme poverty and women make up 85% of the sector’s global workforce, these workers have joined the ranks of the working poor throughout the world. Ongoing systemic violations of fundamental rights in the workplace have also been caused by a number of phenomena; liberal globalization spurs on the extension of value chains, multinational corporations practice outsourcing to obtain the lowest possible production costs, there is a lack of regulation and too much trust being placed in the voluntary efforts of companies. However, consumers and civil society both nationally and internationally have driven the rise of restrictive legislations which should eventually become the prerequisite for a responsible industry.
This progress is indispensable because the widespread use of subcontracting in the textile sector has led to a huge decline in working conditions and a wage stagnation in producer countries.

brought about further liberalization to the sector and accelerated competition among workers and social dumping. Regulated in particular by the conventions of the International Labor Organization (ILO), human rights in the workplace are the most-often violated.

The Collapse of Rana Plaza in Bangladesh in 2013 stands out as a symbol of the textile industry’s broken promises. With its extremely cheap workforce and a massive production capacity, the country stood out as the new El Dorado in the 2000s for international outsourcers (who place orders through subcontractors). The country still has one of the lowest minimum wages in the world for the industry ($80 per month).
The value of these countries’ development models is called into question by the tragedy of Rana Plaza. Encouraged by bilateral free trade agreements, Bangladesh based its comparative advantage on the cost of its workforce instead of instead of investing in an industry that creates gainful employment. While the textile industry represented 45% of industrial jobs in 2012, it only contributed to 5% of the country’s national income. This model shows the limits of excessive specialization, spurred on by liberal globalization, for countries in low added-value sectors focused on exports.

The persistence of massive human rights violations in the workplace in countries involved in textile subcontracting demonstrates the failure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies. The tragedy of Rana Plaza occurred, in fact, 20 years after the extension of codes of conduct and social audits, triggered by the Nike scandal in 1996. The codes of conduct for major international outsourcers, which were non-binding, placed the risk and responsibility, in general, on third parties, suppliers or subcontractors. By refusing to modify the sector’s very lucrative business model in terms of the pressure on costs and lead times, just-in-time production and volumes, the voluntary CSR initiatives only led to low-scale improvements.

Social vulnerability increased by COVID-19
Additionally, poverty wages have become the norm in producer countries. They are set at well below the living wage, a sum which allows workers to provide for their basic needs and those of their family (such as housing, health care, food, education, transportation and savings). According to the Fair Wage Network, regardless of the living wage used for the comparison, the minimum wages in textile producing countries are two to five times lower than the living wage. Poverty wages are intrinsically linked to the textile industry’s current economic model, which is based on the production of constantly redesigned low-cost clothing collections, i.e. fast fashion, therefore requiring a low production cost.
This fact constantly reminds us of the violations of workers’ rights found in the sector. In 2019, the Australian Strategy Policy Institute (ASPI) think tank revealed in the Uyghurs for Sale report the forced labor of the Uyghur people in China, who produce clothing for major brands on the Western market. The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us furthermore of the extreme vulnerability of workers in the textile industry. In Asia, several million of these workers, deprived of wages due to order cancellations, have found themselves on the verge of starvation.
It has since been legitimately called into question whether the textile sector has the ability to participate in helping populations in developing countries rise above their impoverished state. And it is now vital to apply restrictive regulations on the sector so a responsible industry can emerge.

The textile industry: a restrictive framework that can change the model
For confronting the insufficient voluntary measures to prevent violations of basic rights and damage to the environment, there is general agreement over the need for restrictive regulations. However, many economic players still resist this need for change.
The lack of legal liability between the outsourcer and its subcontracting chain is, in this context, an outlier. Adopted in March 2017, the French law relating to the duty of care on the part of parent companies and outsourcing companies provides an initial response to this system failure. It is based on the United Nations’ guiding principles on business and human rights. Adopted in 2011, these guidelines define the responsibility of countries to protect people from violations connected to economic activities and the responsibility of businesses to respect basic rights. Above all, they acknowledge that multinational corporations are obligated to oversee all of their business relationships.
Thus, the French law now requires major companies operating in France to identify and prevent the human rights violations and harm against the environment that result from their activities, as well as the violations and harm caused by their subsidiaries, subcontractors and suppliers. For our association, the Éthique sur l’étiquette (ESE) collective, the implementation of their obligations as part of the law relative to the duty of care must furthermore be a prerequisite for the companies in question before they receive public financial support.

Ensuring that the textile industry contributes to the development of countries
On the basis of this new national and international framework, the ESE collective has drafted a list of recommendations intended for multinational corporations. They must end the continued lack of transparency into their value chains, which encourage improper practices and do not allow the consumer to make informed choices. They must at least provide simple, detailed information about their wage practices, the length of the work week, overtime and the presence of workers’ unions. This information must include all of these details relating to the company and all of their suppliers and subcontractors.

Furthermore, multinational corporations must implement their duty of care, procedures that aim to identify, prevent and remedy violations of basic rights and damage to the environment across the entirety of their value chain. They must publish a comprehensive, country-by-country risk map. Successive subcontracting and poverty wages are part of the inherent risks in the economic model set up by clothing outsourcers. They therefore must be identified.
No company can claim to ensure its duty of care without identifying in what way its model allows, encourages or benefits from social-dumping situations in the countries where it operates.
Respecting human rights: the crucial role of multinationals
A crucial question: Multinational corporations must ensure the right to a living wage for its garment workers by ending purchasing practices that end up putting pressure on wages. They must set their prices by basing them on the living wage, which can be determined from a credible and transparent indicator, such as the one developed by the Asia Floor Wage Alliance, and encourage trilateral negotiations that increase wages in producer countries. More broadly, the economic model based on fast fashion needs to be eliminated.
Finally, they must allow workers’ unions to be freely established and operated and they must respect the right to collective bargaining. Experience shows that the most effective oversight mechanisms are those that include worker representatives. International and sectoral agreements, like the one signed in 2013 on factory safety in Bangladesh, are tools for improving workers’ rights. Outsourcers must use their influence to demand that these rights be exercised among their suppliers and subcontractor or, if not, favor those who allow workers’ unions.
It is in Europe, through its duty to care guidelines, and internationally, through the United Nations treaty on multinational corporations and human rights, which has been negotiated since 2014, that the development and expansion of accountability standards for economic stakeholders has become a point of discussion. Rather than hinder the development of it, stakeholders would be well advised to support the initiatives that aim to regulate globalization or else risk finding themselves at odds with the awareness that is growing throughout the world.

The textile industry: a potential crucible for alternative models
A radical transformation to the industry is needed so that it can improve the quality of life of the most vulnerable populations. In addition to duty of care, we must question the models based on the low-cost/high-volume pairing, which to boost financial performance, lead to widespread violations of international labor norms and harm to the environment.
While the textile industry stands out today as a synonym for significant social and environmental impact, it can also be the crucible for alternative models and exemplary practices, as shown by the many initiatives in place. Consumers have not been deceived. They are turning away from brands whose models have a far too negative impact on people and the environment to instead support companies with responsible practices.

25/06/2021

Post-Traumatic Health disorder (PTHD)
Need to be address an essential Mental Health Care approach during and after the most significant Global crisis like COVID19 pandemic 😷

Kazi Shahed
Therapeutic Counselor Psychologist &
Registered Behavioral Health Therapist(BHT), USA.
Licensed Clinical Nursing Associate,CNA,USA.
Member, Bangladesh Psychological Association,BPA.
————————————————————- 🍀

Meanwhile “Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)” is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.
Most people who go through traumatic events may have temporary difficulty adjusting and coping, but with time and good self-care, they usually get better. If the symptoms get worse, last for months or even years, and interfere with your day-to-day functioning, you may have PTSD.

Post-Traumatic Health Disorder (PTHD):
“Post-Traumatic Health Disorder” PTHD is a name I thought of to put a title on a common feeling that many people with health issues can relate to. Health anxiety and depression from chronic illness are frequent concerns for many people.

PTHD is nothing but the aftershock of a traumatic event that creeps up on you, tapping you on the shoulder and pouring itself into your bones.Literally A feeling grows over you, nuzzling into the pit of your stomach that buzzes out to your limbs. It’s like you are standing at the edge of a cliff but there is no beautiful view, just worry so strong that it consumes you. Your blood feels thick as it boils through your veins, dragging its gloom to the surface of your skin, begging to get out. This is the feeling that takes over your brain, your gut, and your heart.
Common struggles for people with chronic illness:
* Missing your previous, healthier life and adjusting to a change due to health issues
* Having to cancel on friends and family often or change plans because of health
* Feeling secluded and like no one understands you
* Financial issues due to lack of work or missing work from illness
* Feeling exhausted and having a hard time keeping up with minor tasks
* Not talking about how you feel or your feelings because you feel like a burden or too like you are being too negative
* Insurance issues, scheduling conflicts, and other general concerns.
* Domestic violence
* Develops an “Antisocial personality disorder”

I often wonder why doctors don’t ask their patients how they are coping with their health issues. For some, they hide their anxiety or depression out of fear that their health issues will be dismissed and with anxiety. Why can’t therapy or counseling be offered or suggested after a life-changing surgery or health event?

For me personally, my traumatic health memories sometimes even follow me to bed and enter my dreams. Having a small health scare, like a few palpitations in a row, can trigger PTHD and put a damper on the rest of my day. Like a dark cloud following me around all day, I can’t help but think of moments when my heart almost gave up for good. My lips turned dusky as everything around me faded out. My heart was struggling and chaotic as if each beat could be the last. My limbs lie cold on the ground as I struggle to take tiny drops of air into my lungs. My life did not flash before my eyes but a sinking feeling of worry about my kids growing up without a mother and how could I just meet the love of my life and be taken from this world from my family that I love so much.

It’s not fair.
I am not ready yet.
Please.
Help.

Every palpitation I get is a flashback of these moments. Some days are so beautiful and the sun shines, blanketing everything in gold. The air is perfect and you have everything the be grateful for but still, sometimes those moments tickle your neck because you are so scared to lose everything.

You are not alone.

Finding local or online support groups are helpful for finding answers and a tribe of others who understand what you have gone through or what you may be going through. Seeking therapy is also a beneficial way to learn how to cope and work through stress. You are not alone. Burying your feelings or sweeping them under the rug is not a way to get by. Dealing with your trauma is nothing to be ashamed of or ignore.

To be Continued ....!

25/06/2021

Post- traumatic stress disorder PTSD
Addressing post COVID19 pandemic mental health situation in Bangladesh.

Kazi Shahed
Therapeutic Counselor Psychologist &
Registered Behavioral Health Therapist(BHT), USA.
Licensed Clinical Nursing Associate,CNA,USA.
Member, Bangladesh Psychological Association,BPA.
——————————————🍀
Symptoms:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may start within one month of a traumatic event, but sometimes symptoms may not appear until years after the event like COVID19 pandemic. These symptoms cause significant problems in social or work situations and in relationships. They can also interfere with your ability to go about your normal daily tasks.
PTSD symptoms are generally grouped into four types: intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, and changes in physical and emotional reactions. Symptoms can vary over time or vary from person to person.
Intrusive memories
Symptoms of intrusive memories may include:
* Recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the traumatic event like COVID19 pandemic.
* Reliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again (flashbacks)
* Upsetting dreams or nightmares about the traumatic event
* Severe emotional distress or physical reactions to something that reminds you of the traumatic event
Avoidance
Symptoms of avoidance may include:
* Trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic event
* Avoiding places, activities or people that remind you of the traumatic event
Negative changes in thinking and mood
Symptoms of negative changes in thinking and mood may include:
* Negative thoughts about yourself, other people or the world
* Hopelessness about the future
* Memory problems, including not remembering important aspects of the traumatic event
* Difficulty maintaining close relationships
* Feeling detached from family and friends
* Lack of interest in activities you once enjoyed
* Difficulty experiencing positive emotions
* Feeling emotionally numb
Changes in physical and emotional reactions
Symptoms of changes in physical and emotional reactions (also called arousal symptoms) may include:
* Being easily startled or frightened
* Always being on guard for danger
* Self-destructive behavior, such as drinking too much or driving too fast
* Trouble sleeping
* Trouble concentrating
* Irritability, angry outbursts or aggressive behavior
* Overwhelming guilt or shame
For children 6 years old and younger, signs and symptoms may also include:
* Re-enacting the traumatic event or aspects of the traumatic event through play
* Frightening dreams that may or may not include aspects of the traumatic event
Intensity of symptoms
PTSD symptoms can vary in intensity over time. You may have more PTSD symptoms when you're stressed in general, or when you come across reminders of what you went through. For example, you may hear a car backfire and relive combat experiences. Or you may see a report on the news about a sexual assault and feel overcome by memories of your own assault.
When to see a doctor
If you have disturbing thoughts and feelings about a traumatic event for more than a month, if they're severe, or if you feel you're having trouble getting your life back under control, talk to your doctor or a mental health professional. Getting treatment as soon as possible can help prevent PTSD symptoms from getting worse.
If you have suicidal thoughts
If you or someone you know has suicidal thoughts, get help right away through one or more of these resources:
* Reach out to a close friend or loved one.
* Contact a minister, a spiritual leader or someone in your faith community.
* Call a su***de hotline number if available in your area.
* Make an appointment with your doctor or a mental health professional.
Cause:
You can develop post-traumatic stress disorder when you go through, see or learn about an event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violation.
Doctors aren't sure why some people get PTSD. As with most mental health problems, PTSD is probably caused by a complex mix of:
* Stressful experiences, including the amount and severity of trauma you've gone through in your life
* Inherited mental health risks, such as a family history of anxiety and depression
* Inherited features of your personality — often called your temperament
* The way your brain regulates the chemicals and hormones your body releases in response to stress
Risk factors
People of all ages can have post-traumatic stress disorder. However, some factors may make you more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event, such as:
* Experiencing intense or long-lasting trauma
* Having experienced other trauma earlier in life, such as childhood abuse
* Having a job that increases your risk of being exposed to traumatic events, such as military personnel and first responders
* Having other mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression
* Having problems with substance misuse, such as excess drinking or drug use
* Lacking a good support system of family and friends
* Having blood relatives with mental health problems, including anxiety or depression
Kinds of traumatic events
The most common events leading to the development of PTSD include:
* Combat exposure
* Childhood physical abuse
* Sexual violence
* Physical assault
* Being threatened with a weapon
* An accident
Many other traumatic events also can lead to PTSD, such as fire, natural disaster, mugging, robbery, plane crash, torture, kidnapping, life-threatening medical diagnosis, terrorist attack, and other extreme or life-threatening events.
Complications
Post-traumatic stress disorder can disrupt your whole life ― your job, your relationships, your health and your enjoyment of everyday activities.
Having PTSD may also increase your risk of other mental health problems, such as:
* Depression and anxiety
* Issues with drugs or alcohol use
* Eating disorders
* Suicidal thoughts and actions
Prevention
After surviving a traumatic event, many people have PTSD-like symptoms at first, such as being unable to stop thinking about what's happened. Fear, anxiety, anger, depression, guilt — all are common reactions to trauma. However, the majority of people exposed to trauma do not develop long-term post-traumatic stress disorder.
Getting timely help and support may prevent normal stress reactions from getting worse and developing into PTSD. This may mean turning to family and friends who will listen and offer comfort. It may mean seeking out a mental health professional for a brief course of therapy. Some people may also find it helpful to turn to their faith community.
Support from others also may help prevent you from turning to unhealthy coping methods, such as misuse of alcohol or drugs.

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