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The official �page -main blog(Found on April 18th 2014)
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Dr/MD

24/05/2026

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19/05/2026

▪️Spinal cord tracts (descending motor and ascending sensory)
MD💢

12/05/2026

📚Different aspects of the skull

11/05/2026

♥️📚

08/05/2026

Mount Fuji sign
Mount Fuji sign is a finding that can be observed on computed tomographic (CT) scans of the brain, in which bilateral subdural hypoattenuating collections cause compression and separation of the frontal lobes. The
collapsed frontal lobes and the widening of the interhemispheric space between the tips of the frontal lobes.
Have the appearance of the silhouette of Mount Fuji .
The sign is indicative of a tension pneumocephalus .

• Indicates tension pneumocephalus
• Frontal lobes compressed and separated by intracranial air
• Common after head trauma or neurosurgery
• Symptoms may include headache confusion decline in consciousness or focal deficits
Treatment:
• High flow oxygen therapy
• Head elevation and close monitoring
• Treat CSF leak if present
• Severe cases may require urgent neurosurgical decompression.

23/04/2026

🧠 Decoding the Human Brain: An MRI Anatomy Guide 🔍
The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. This Axial T2-weighted MRI scan provides a stunning “top-down” view of the cerebral cortex, highlighting the specific ridges and grooves that control who we are and how we move.

Here is your guide to the brain’s functional map:

📉 The Sulci (The Grooves)
Think of these as the “valleys” or borders that divide the brain into functional zones:

🔴 Superior Frontal Sulcus: A key boundary in the frontal lobe for cognitive organization.

🟡 Precentral Sulcus: Marks the front border of the brain’s “motor” strip.

🟣 Central Sulcus: The most vital landmark! It separates the Frontal Lobe (Action) from the Parietal Lobe (Sensation).

🟢 Postcentral Sulcus: Defines the back boundary of the sensory processing area.

🏔️ The Gyri (The Ridges)
These are the “peaks” where the actual processing power happens:

🟦 SFG (Superior Frontal Gyrus): Involved in high-level self-awareness and complex thought.

🟩 MFG (Middle Frontal Gyrus): The command center for attention and decision-making.

🟥 Precentral Gyrus: Known as the Primary Motor Cortex. This is the “Engine Room” that sends signals to your muscles to move.

🟨 PL (Paracentral Lobule): Controls the motor and sensory functions of your lower body, particularly the legs and feet.

🟪 Postcentral Gyrus: The Primary Somatosensory Cortex. This is where you process touch, temperature, and pain.

💡 Fast Facts for Your Anatomy IQ:
Frontal Regions: Handle your personality, logic, and movement.

Parietal Regions: Handle your senses and spatial awareness.

The “Central” Divide: The Central Sulcus acts as the border between your “Doing” (Motor) and “Feeling” (Sensory) brain.

19/04/2026

THE CRANIAL FOSSA ✍️

The cranial fossae are three distinct, stepped depressions—anterior, middle, and posterior—within the base of the skull that support and protect the brain. Arranged from superior to deep (anterior to posterior), they house the frontal lobes, temporal lobes, and cerebellum/brainstem, respectively. They are separated by bony ridges and contain various foramina for cranial nerves and vessels.

14/04/2026

This image is an axial (cross-sectional) MRI view of the lumbar spine, specifically at the L4–L5 level. It highlights important anatomical structures and nerve pathways.

🔍 Key structures explained:
🦴 1. Intervertebral disc
The center labeled “L4 Disc” is the disc between the L4 and L5 vertebrae.
It acts as a cushion and shock absorber.

🟡 2. Exiting nerve root (L4)
The yellow line shows the L4 exiting nerve root.
This nerve leaves the spine through the neural foramen at this level.

🔵 3. Traversing nerve root (L5)
The blue arrow indicates the L5 traversing nerve root.
It travels downward inside the spinal canal before exiting at the next level.

🟣 4. Neural foramen
The space labeled “Neural Foramen” is the opening where nerves exit the spine.
Narrowing here can cause nerve compression.

🦴 5. Facet joints
Labeled parts:
Superior articular process (L5)
Inferior articular process (L4)
These form the facet joint, which stabilizes the spine and allows movement.

🦴 6. Other structures
Pars interarticularis (Pars): connects parts of the vertebra
Lamina: forms the back wall of the spinal canal
Spinous process: the bony projection you can feel on your back

🧠 Important concept:
At the L4–L5 level:
L4 nerve → exits at this level
L5 nerve → travels down (traverses) before exiting below

👉 This distinction is very important clinically:
A foraminal disc herniation affects the exiting nerve (L4)
A central/posterior disc herniation usually affects the traversing nerve (L5)

✅ Simple summary:
Yellow = exiting L4 nerve
Blue = traversing L5 nerve
Disc in center can press on different nerves depending on location
Foramen = nerve exit tunnel
MD💢

13/04/2026

How to calculate percentage of slippage in spondylolisthesis?

Percentage of slipping calculated by measurement of distance from line parallel to posterior portion
of first sacral vertebral body to line parallel to posterior portion of body of L5;
anteroposterior dimension of L5 inferiorly is used
to calculate percentage of slipping.

06/04/2026

MRI Anatomy of Brainstem as Five levels (Level 2):

· minimize / maximize

Midbrain

· Cerebral peduncles
· Superior colliculi
· Inferior colliculi
· Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles

Pons

· Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles (continued)
· Superior cerebellar peduncles
· Corticospinal tracts
· Middle cerebellar peduncles
· Transverse pontine fibers

Medulla

· Pyramids
· Inferior cerebellar peduncles
· Spinocerebellar tracts
· Pyramidal decussation
MD💢

29/03/2026

🧠 Brain calcifications on CT are often incidental but important landmarks. Pineal and habenular calcifications are midline epithalamic structures, commonly physiological. Choroid plexus calcification is frequent in ventricular atria and usually benign. Falx cerebri calcification is age-related. Pattern and symmetry help distinguish normal from pathology.

MD💢

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