04/03/2026
A study led by Kintampo Health Research Centre (KHRC), Ghana Health Service (GHS) and published in the Elsevier Vaccine journal has found that COVID-19 vaccines administered in Ghana reduced the risk of COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) hospitalization by about 20%, particularly within the first six months after vaccination. However, the protection declined over time.
The study was conducted between June 2022 and March 2024 in 32 hospitals participating in Ghana’s national influenza surveillance system. The researchers tracked 1,796 patients aged 15 years and above who were hospitalized with SARI. Of these, 118 tested positive for COVID-19.
Using a test-negative, case-control design, the team compared patients who tested positive for COVID-19 with those who tested negative to assess how well the vaccines were working in real-world conditions.
They found that vaccinated individuals with severe acute respiratory infections were about 20% less likely to be hospitalized than those who were unvaccinated. This level of protection is lower than the 60% reduction reported in a similar study conducted in Eastern Europe around the same time.
“Our findings underscore the importance of integrating COVID-19 vaccination into routine immunization systems and prioritizing booster doses for older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions,” Dr. Amoako said.
The researchers noted that the relatively small number of confirmed COVID-19 cases recorded during the study implementation and limited booster uptake may have influenced the overall vaccine effectiveness estimated.
The study was conducted in collaboration with the Research and Development Division, (RDD-GHS), University of Health and Allied Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Health Organization Ghana country office, AFRO-MoVE Network Secretariat/ Health Organization African Region, Epiconcept, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, University of Ghana Medical School, Birmingham City University and Kenya Institute of Primate Research.
Read full publication: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X26001180?via%3Dihub