19/01/2026
WHAT IS DIABETES MELLITUS?
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin secretion by the beta cells in the pancreas, insulin sensitivity to the cells, or both
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency which usually starts in children or young people.
2. Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency often linked to overweight,poor diet and inactivity.
3. Gestational Diabetes: Glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
HERE ARE SOME RISK FACTORS OF DM
1. Family history: Genetic predisposition
2. Obesity: Especially central obesity
3. Physical inactivity: Sedentary lifestyle
4. Diet: High sugar, high fat, low fiber
5. Age: >45 years
COMMON SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
⚠️ Frequent urination
⚠️ Feeling very thirsty
⚠️ Feeling tired all the time
⚠️ Blurred vision
⚠️ Unexplained weight loss
MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
1. Lifestyle modifications: Diet, exercise, weight loss
2. Medications: Oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin
3. Monitoring: Blood glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profile
4. Education: Diabetes education, self-management
COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS
1. Microvascular: Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
2. Macrovascular: Cardiovascular disease, stroke, peripheral artery diseases
3. Other complications: Foot ulcers, infections, etc.
LIVING HEALTHY WITH DIABETES
Diabetes can be managed well if you take care of yourself:
✅ Eat healthy foods (vegetables, whole grains, less sugar & oily foods)
✅ Exercise regularly (walking, cycling, household activities)
✅ Take medications as prescribed
✅ Check your blood sugar regularly
✅ Visit the hospital for routine check-ups
HERE ARE SOME PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
1. Healthy lifestyle: Balanced diet, regular exercise, normal weight
2. Screening: Early detection and treatment
AdjeiCare
