16/06/2026
Ménière’s Disease – Pathophysiology
-Too much endolymph fluid builds up in the inner ear (endolymphatic hydrops).
-The excess fluid increases pressure inside the membranous labyrinth.
-Increased pressure causes small tears (ruptures) in membranes, especially Reissner's membrane.
-Potassium-rich endolymph mixes with sodium-rich perilymph.
-This abnormal mixing disrupts the function of vestibular and cochlear nerve cells.
Result:
Vertigo (spinning sensation)
Fluctuating hearing loss
Tinnitus
Aural fullness (ear pressure)
The membrane later heals, symptoms improve, but repeated episodes can occur.
Recurrent attacks may eventually cause permanent hearing loss.
Summary
↑ Endolymph → ↑ Pressure → Membrane Rupture → Fluid Mixing → Nerve Dysfunction → Vertigo + Hearing Symptoms.