08/10/2026
OSTEOPENIA AND OSTEOPOROSIS
Osteopenia: Lower than normal bone density, but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. It serves as an early warning sign that bone loss has started.
Osteoporosis: Severe loss of bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. The inner structure of the bone becomes overly porous and brittle, significantly increasing the risk of low-impact fractures (commonly in the hip, spine, and wrist).
Treatment: includes
Risk management: elimination of smoking, alcohol intake, managing medications and hormones
Nutrition: intake of calcium (1000-1200 mg/day) and vitamin D3 (800-2000 IU/day)
Physical Therapy : Targeted excercises
for detailed physical therapy excercises dm!