31/08/2026
KETAMINE
* PHENCYCLIDINE (P*P) DERIVATIVE
* PRODUCES DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
* NON-COMPETITIVE NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
* PROVIDES PROFOUND ANALGESIA, AMNESIA, AND ANESTHESIA
* PRESERVES SPONTANEOUS RESPIRATION
* MAINTAINS AIRWAY REFLEXES BETTER THAN MOST IV AGENTS
* CAUSES BRONCHODILATION
* STIMULATES SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
* INCREASES HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
* MAY DEPRESS MYOCARDIUM IN CATECHOLAMINE-DEPLETED PATIENTS
* INCREASES SALIVARY AND TRACHEOBRONCHIAL SECRETIONS
* EMERGENCE REACTIONS: HALLUCINATIONS, VIVID DREAMS, DELIRIUM
* DOSE: 1–2 MG/KG IV OR 4–8 MG/KG IM FOR INDUCTION
* ONSET: 30–60 SECONDS (IV), 2–4 MINUTES (IM)
* DURATION OF ANESTHESIA: 10–20 MINUTES
* HEPATIC METABOLISM TO NORKETAMINE (ACTIVE METABOLITE)
* USEFUL IN ASTHMA, BRONCHOSPASM, BURNS, TRAUMA, AND HYPOVOLEMIA
* SUBANESTHETIC DOSES PROVIDE OPIOID-SPARING ANALGESIA
* USE WITH CAUTION IN SYSTEMIC OR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
* AVOID OR USE CAUTION IN PATIENTS PRONE TO EMERGENCE DELIRIUM
