05/27/2026
Complex trauma survivors have experienced multiple forms of trauma, often across different stages of development.
Because prolonged trauma is often interpersonal, healing involves relearning what safety feels like—not only in one’s environment, but also in relationships with others, whether they are truly a threat or not.
Chronic interpersonal trauma can lead individuals to constantly scan others’ moods, behaviors, tone of voice, and actions in an effort to avoid potential harm—such as punishment, rejection, ridicule, blame, or violence.
Experiences that may contribute to Complex PTSD include:
• Childhood abuse, neglect, or abandonment
• Prolonged domestic violence
• Repeated exposure to abuse or violence
• Exploitation (such as being forced into the s*x trade)
• Torture, kidnapping, or captivity
• Ongoing situations marked by powerlessness, fear, or helplessness