31/10/2026
ICE: HOW CAN SHORT, INTENSE INTERVALS IMPROVE YOUR AEROBIC FITNESS?
One of the biggest misconceptions in exercise is that you need long periods of continuous cardio to improve aerobic fitness.
Research from Professor Martin Gibala and his colleagues at McMaster University tells us otherwise.
When you perform a high-intensity interval, your body initially relies heavily on anaerobic energy production.
However, as you repeat these efforts, your aerobic energy system becomes increasingly involved.
Your heart works harder to deliver oxygen, your muscles increase their reliance on aerobic metabolism, and your aerobic system helps restore energy between efforts.
Over time, this produces important adaptations:
✅ Improved VO₂ max – Greater capacity to deliver and utilise oxygen.
✅ Increased mitochondrial capacity – Muscles become better equipped to produce energy aerobically.
✅ Improved cardiovascular fitness – More effective oxygen delivery to working muscles.
✅ Greater endurance – Improved ability to sustain exercise and resist fatigue.
✅ Better recovery – Improved ability to recover between intense efforts.
WHAT DID THE RESEARCH FIND?
In one study, just six sprint interval training sessions over two weeks increased average cycling endurance time from 26 minutes to 51 minutes!
In another six-week study, researchers compared:
- Traditional cardio: Approximately 4.5 hours of moderate-intensity cycling per week.
- Sprint intervals: Less than 10 minutes of all-out sprinting per week, plus recovery periods.
Both groups achieved similar improvements in the aerobic fitness and muscle adaptations measured.
SO HOW DOES THIS RELATE TO ICE?
At Creighton Personal Training, ICE uses structured intervals to challenge both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems.
Whether you're rowing, cycling, using the SkiErg or performing other conditioning exercises, repeated high-intensity efforts provide a stimulus that can improve aerobic fitness.
And importantly, you don't need to exercise at 100% intensity to benefit. ICE can be adjusted to individual fitness levels.
While the original studies used all-out cycling sprints, the underlying physiological principles help explain why interval training is so effective.
THE TAKEAWAY
You don't have to follow the latest fitness trends or spend hours exercising to achieve meaningful results.
Long exercise sessions aren't automatically better, and more time spent training doesn't necessarily mean greater improvements.
You don't necessarily need hours of continuous cardio to improve aerobic fitness.
It's not simply how long you exercise. It's the training stimulus you create. I'll take science over emotional attachment to exercise thanks!
That's the science behind ICE.
CREIGHTON PERSONAL TRAINING
Research: Gibala et al., McMaster University, Journal of Applied Physiology (2005, 2006).