06/07/2026
đ§ Burning Pelvic Pain When Sitting? It Could Be Pudendal Neuralgia! âââââ
đ What is Pudendal Neuralgia?
Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition affecting the sensory, motor, and autonomic distribution of the pudendal nerve (S2âS4). It results from irritation, compression, stretch, or direct injury to the nerve anywhere along its anatomical course - from the greater sciatic foramen, across the ischial spine and sacrospinous/sacrotuberous ligaments, through the lesser sciatic foramen, and into Alcock's (pudendal) canal.
â ī¸ Causes & Risk Factors
PN is typically multifactorial. Recognised contributors include:
* Mechanical/compressive: prolonged sitting, cycling ("cyclist's syndrome"), horseback riding, and other sports involving repetitive perineal loading
* Obstetric trauma: prolonged second-stage labour, instrumental (forceps/vacuum) delivery, significant perineal tearing.
* Surgical/iatrogenic: pelvic, gynaecological, colorectal, or hip surgery (including traction-related neurapraxia during hip arthroscopy); mesh or sling procedures
* Direct trauma: falls onto the buttocks, pelvic fractures
* Chronic straining: constipation, chronic coughing
* Pelvic floor muscle hypertonicity/myofascial dysfunction, which can compress the nerve even without a structural lesion
*Less commonly: tumours, radiation, infection (e.g., herpes zoster), or systemic neuropathy.
Women are affected more often than men, and PN remains rare but likely under-reported due to diagnostic delay.
CLINICAL FEATURES:
* Neuropathic pain (burning, stabbing, aching, "foreign body" sensation) in the clitoris/pen*s, vulva/scrotum, perineum, and/or anorectal region
* Pain that worsens with sitting and improves with standing or lying down
Often less pain when sitting on a toilet seat (pressure shifts onto the ischial tuberosities rather than the pelvic floor)
* Pain that builds through the day
* May be associated with urinary, bowel, and/or sexual dysfunction
* Usually unilateral, though bilateral presentations occur.
Diagnosis is largely clinical, guided by the Nantes criteria - five essential features:
* Pain in the anatomical territory of the pudendal nerve
* Pain predominantly aggravated by sitting
* Pain does not wake the patient at night
* No objective sensory loss on examination
* Positive response to a diagnostic pudendal nerve block
Imaging (MRI/CT) and electrophysiology are adjuncts to exclude other pathology and help classify the entrapment site, but there's no single definitive test.
đ Differential Diagnosis: How PN Compares to Similar Conditions:
1. Coccydynia
2. Piriformis syndrome
3. Interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome
4. Chronic prostatitis/CPPS (men)
5. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
6. Levator ani syndrome / proctalgia fugax
7. Lumbosacral radiculopathy / cauda equina
đĒ Evidence-Based Physiotherapy Management:
Here's the honest picture: PN research is still a developing field. Much of the evidence base is low-to-moderate quality (cohort studies, small RCTs, and expert consensus rather than large trials), and this should be communicated transparently to patients.
1. Education & activity/postural modification:
Explaining the pain mechanism, and modifying aggravating positions/activities (e.g., reducing prolonged sitting, using a cushion that offloads the ischial tuberosities/pelvic floor rather than a classic "donut" cushion, adjusting cycling setup) is a first-line, low-risk intervention recommended across expert guidelines.
2. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS):
This has the strongest direct trial support. A randomised controlled trial combining TENS with a structured physiotherapy exercise programme showed significantly greater pain reduction and lower analgesic use compared to a sham-TENS group.
Eid, M. M., Rawash, M. F., Sharaf, M. A., & Eladl, H. M. (2021). Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as an adjunct to selected physical therapy exercise program on male patients with pudendal neuralgia: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation, 35(8), 1142â1150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215521995338
3. Lumbopelvic/musculoskeletal management:
Addressing sacroiliac joint mechanics and lumbopelvic mobility (mobilisation, targeted exercise) has clinical support as a non-invasive approach to reduce tension on the sacrotuberous/sacrospinous ligaments, particularly where a concurrent pelvic girdle dysfunction is present.
4. Graded exercise/relaxation-based approaches:
Gentle stretches and positions that reduce tension through the pudendal nerve pathway (e.g., wide-leg bridging, quadruped hip extension, supported extension positions) are commonly used clinically for symptomatic relief, though robust trial data specifically testing these exercises in isolation is currently lacking - a clear gap for future research.
đ§ āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϞāĻāĻŋāϏ⧠āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ?
āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠Pudendal Neuralgia!
đ Pudendal Neuralgia āĻā§?
Pudendal Neuralgia (PN) āĻšāϞ⧠Pudendal nerve (S2âS4)-āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ chronic neuropathic pain disorder, āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϏā§āύāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĨā§ irritation, compression, stretch āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž direct injury-āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāϏā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āĻāĻ āϏā§āύāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋ Greater sciatic foramen āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ Ischial spine, Sacrospinous āĻ Sacrotuberous ligament āĻ
āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰ⧠Lesser sciatic foramen āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ Alcock's (Pudendal) canal-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĨā§āϰ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠āϏā§āύāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϤāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšāϞ⧠Pudendal Neuralgia āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
â ī¸ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ (Causes & Risk Factors)
Pudendal Neuralgia āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧā§ (Multifactorial) āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
đš Mechanical / Compression-related
â
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
â
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ Cycling ("Cyclist's Syndrome")
â
Horseback riding
â
Perineum-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϧā§āϞāĻž
đš Obstetric Trauma
â
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϧāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻŦā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āϧāĻžāĻĒ (Prolonged second-stage labour)
â
Forceps āĻŦāĻž Vacuum-assisted delivery
â
āĻā§āϰā§āϤāϰ Perineal tear
đš Surgical / Iatrogenic
â
Pelvic surgery
â
Gynaecological surgery
â
Colorectal surgery
â
Hip surgery (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāϰ⧠traction-related injury)
â
Mesh āĻŦāĻž Sling procedure
đš Direct Trauma
â
āύāĻŋāϤāĻŽā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
â
Pelvic fracture
đš āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ
â
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŋāύā§āϝ
â
āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋ
â
Pelvic floor muscle-āĻāϰ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāύ (Hypertonicity)
â
Myofascial dysfunction
đš āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
â
Tumour
â
Radiation injury
â
Herpes zoster-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠Infection
â
Systemic neuropathy
đ āύāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰā§āώāĻĻā§āϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ under-recognised āϰā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻļāύāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
đ¨ Clinical Features
đĨ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝ
â
Burning pain
â
Stabbing pain
â
Aching pain
â
"Foreign body sensation"
āϝāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§-
Cl****is / P***s
V***a / Sc***um
Perineum
Anorectal region
đ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āϞāĻā§āώāĻŖ
â
āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
â
āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŽā§
â
Toilet seat-āĻ āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāĻŽ āϞāĻžāĻā§ (āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ Pelvic floor-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻŽā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ)
â
āĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻļā§āώā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§
â
āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϰāĻžāĻŦ, āĻŽāϞāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϝā§āύāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻāύāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§
â
āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻāĻžāĻ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ (Unilateral), āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āĻ (Bilateral) āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§
đŠē Diagnosis
Pudendal Neuralgia-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§āϞāϤ Clinical Assessment-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ Nantes Criteria āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
Nantes Criteria
â Pudendal nerve-āĻāϰ Anatomical distribution-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž
â āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ
â āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž
â āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ Objective sensory loss āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āύāĻž
â Diagnostic Pudendal nerve block-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŽā§
đ MRI/CT Scan āĻāĻŦāĻ Electrophysiological tests āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ Entrapment site āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ⧠āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻšāϞā§āĻ Pudendal Neuralgia āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻāĻ Gold Standard test āύā§āĻāĨ¤
đ Differential Diagnosis
Pudendal Neuralgia-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§-
1ī¸âŖ Coccydynia
2ī¸âŖ Piriformis Syndrome
3ī¸âŖ Interstitial Cystitis / Bladder Pain Syndrome
4ī¸âŖ Chronic Prostatitis / CPPS (āĻĒā§āϰā§āώāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§)
5ī¸âŖ Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
6ī¸âŖ Levator Ani Syndrome / Proctalgia Fugax
7ī¸âŖ Lumbosacral Radiculopathy / Cauda Equina Syndrome
đĒ Evidence-Based Physiotherapy Management
āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠Pudendal Neuralgia āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ Evidence āĻāϏā§āĻā§ Small Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), Cohort Studies āĻāĻŦāĻ Expert Consensus āĻĨā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϏāϰā§āĻ āĻ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ (Individualized) āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
1ī¸âŖ Patient Education & Activity Modification
â āϰā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ Pain Mechanism āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύā§
â āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§
â Cycling āĻŦāĻž Perineum-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž
â āĻāĻŽāύ Cushion āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž, āϝāĻž Ischial Tuberosity-āϤ⧠āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ Pelvic Floor-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧ (āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ Donut Cushion āύāϝāĻŧ)
â āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ Posture āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž
āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠First-line Conservative Management āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2ī¸âŖ Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ TENS āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧠Evidence-āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Conservative Physiotherapy InterventionāĨ¤
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Randomized Controlled Trial-āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻā§, Structured Physiotherapy Exercise Programme-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ TENS āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ Painkiller-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύāĻ āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻž āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ Exercise āĻŦāĻž Sham TENS-āĻāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰāĨ¤
3ī¸âŖ Lumbopelvic & Musculoskeletal Management
â Sacroiliac Joint Mobilization
â Lumbopelvic Mobility Exercise
â Targeted Therapeutic Exercise
āĻāϏāĻŦā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ Sacrospinous āĻāĻŦāĻ Sacrotuberous Ligament-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ Pudendal nerve-āĻāϰ Irritation āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ Pelvic Girdle Dysfunction āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
4ī¸âŖ Graded Exercise & Relaxation-Based Approaches
āϧā§āϰ⧠āϧā§āϰ⧠āĻ
āĻā§āϰāϏāϰ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž (Graded) Exercise Programme āĻāĻŦāĻ Relaxation Techniques āĻāĻĒāϏāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϤ⧠āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ:
â Wide-leg Bridging
â Quadruped Hip Extension
â Supported Extension Positions
āĻāϏāĻŦ Exercise Pudendal nerve-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ Mechanical Tension āĻāĻŽāĻžāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§, āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻ Exercise-āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
đĸ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ:
Pudendal Neuralgia āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻā§āϞ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž (Misdiagnosed) āϏā§āύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϞāĻāĻŋāϏ āĻŦāĻž Perineum-āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻž, āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϏāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāύ Physiotherapist āĻŦāĻž Healthcare Professional-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļ āύāĻŋāύāĨ¤ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻž āĻāĻĒāϏāϰā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāύāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāύā§āύāϤ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
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References:
1. Levesque A, Bautrant E, Quistrebert V, et al. Recommendations on the management of pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome: A formalised expert consensus. Eur J Pain. 2022;26(1):7-17.
doi:10.1002/ejp.1861
2. Murer S, Polidori G, Beaumont F, Bogard F, Polidori E, Kinne M. Advances in the therapeutic approach of pudendal neuralgia: a systematic review. J Osteopath Med. 2021 Nov 22;122(1):1-13.
doi: 10.1515/jom-2021-0119. PMID: 34800013.
3. Murer S, Polidori G, Beaumont F, Bogard F, Hakim H, Legrand F. Could Horse Gait and Induced Pelvic Dynamic Loads in Female Equestrians Be a Risk Factor in Pudendal Neuralgia? Sports (Basel). 2023 Jan 10;11(1):16.
doi: 10.3390/sports11010016. PMID: 36668720; PMCID: PMC9865369.