10/09/2026
Before refrigerators became a normal part of American homes, keeping food and drinks cold required an entirely different kind of business.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, natural ice harvested from frozen lakes and ponds could become a valuable commercial commodity. Workers cut large blocks from the ice, moved them from frozen waterways, stored them in insulated icehouses, and eventually transported them to customers.
One of the most famous figures in the early American ice trade was Boston businessman Frederic Tudor. He became closely associated with the commercial harvesting and distribution of natural ice and developed ways to transport it over surprisingly long distances. His business eventually exported New England ice to places including the Caribbean and India.
The business wasn't limited to wealthy households. Ice became important for food preservation and for businesses that needed to keep perishable products cold. Breweries, restaurants, food sellers and other commercial operations all had reasons to purchase it.
The industry also helped create jobs that are difficult to imagine today. Men worked outdoors during freezing weather, cutting enormous blocks and moving them with specialized tools. Horse-drawn wagons then carried the ice toward storage facilities, businesses and homes.
But technology eventually changed the business.
Artificial ice manufacturing began developing during the 19th century, and commercially produced ice increasingly competed with naturally harvested ice. The Library of Congress notes that artificial ice eventually became a major industry, with ice factories appearing in American cities.
Then came mechanical refrigeration.
The need for regular household ice delivery gradually disappeared as refrigeration technology became more accessible.
What had once been a major business built around frozen lakes was slowly transformed by machines.
Today, we make ice with the push of a button.
For earlier generations, ice had to be harvested, stored, transported and delivered.
And for a remarkable period of American business history, that was someone's entire job.