Folia Medica

Folia Medica FOLIA MEDlCA (Plovdiv) is the peer-reviewed official journal of the Medical University of Plovdiv. It is published bimonthly in English.

Folia Medica is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary medical journal, published bimonthly by Medical University of Plovdiv. It is available in an electronic version. It is issued exclusively in English publishing review articles, original research papers, case reports, and letters to the editor by Bulgarian and foreign authors. Received manuscripts are accepted for publication only after they have be

en rigorously reviewed by independent experts in the respective fields, the reviewers remaining anonymous to the authors. The journal is published under the strict supervision of an Editorial Board which consists of: Editor-In-Chief, Deputy Editor-In-Chief, Science Editors and Members - 33 Bulgarian and 13 foreign members (USA, Russia, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Greece) who are all Doctors of Medical Sciences. Scope - the journal accepts materials in the following fields: medicine, dental medicine, pharmacology, public health and health care. Priority topics include: integrative biology, experimental medicine, clinical and therapeutic aspects of socially significant diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neoplastic disorders, etc.), dentistry, public health, ecology and health. All published articles are in full compliance with the current Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.

05/11/2025

Tumors of the heart and blood vessels are relatively rare. Primary cardiac hemangiomas, in particular, are very rare benign tumors of the heart, occurring at a frequency of 2.8%. To date, just over 200 cases have been documented in scientific literature. Most have been discovered incidentally during...

05/11/2025

Aim: This study investigated the relationship between erectile dysfunction and the estradiol-to-testosterone ratio in men aged 35 to 45. Materials and methods: Screening procedures were designed to select eugonadal men between 35 and 45 years of age to evaluate the impact of the estradiol-to-testost...

05/11/2025

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three large language models (LLMs)—ChatGPT-4.0, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and DeepSeek R1—in answering multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to pediatric dentistry. Accuracy and justification quality were analyzed using Bloom’s taxonomy. Materia...

05/11/2025

Introduction: An endometrial polyp (EP) is an abnormal growth of the endometrium inside the uterine cavity. Histologically, the polyp contains glandular, stromal, vascular (thick-walled vessels), and connective tissue elements (fibrous stroma). The most common symptoms of patients with endometrial p...

05/11/2025

Cholesteatomas are benign tumors composed of skin-related substances. They can extensively infiltrate the ear and compromise surrounding structures, requiring surgical removal. Computed tomography can assist with surgical planning by illustrating the position and impact of the cholesteatoma. Recent....

05/11/2025

Root canal system decontamination is recognized as one of the main pillars of successful endodontic treatment, although variations in the efficacy of current disinfection methods have been reported. In light of this, the present study investigated the activation of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)....

05/11/2025

In this paper, we describe how we successfully debulked a large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) in a 15-year-old boy using the coblation technique. The child had been complaining about recurrent epistaxis and persistent nasal obstruction for several months. JNA is a rare benign tumor that...

05/11/2025

Fungal embolism of the infrarenal aorta is a rare but critical complication of infective endocarditis, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Outcomes depend heavily on timely detection and management. Here, we present an extremely rare case of acute aortic occlusion caused by Candida....

05/11/2025

Introduction: Anastomotic leak (AL) in colorectal surgery remains a source of concern, as it jeopardizes patient recovery and increases morbidity, particularly if not detected early. The CRP in the drain fluid has barely been investigated as a new predictive marker of AL that would improve treatment...

05/11/2025

Introduction: Malaria is a significant global health problem, predominantly affecting the tropical regions. Aim: This study aims to analyze trends in imported and non-travel-related malaria cases reported in European countries from 2013 to 2022. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was pe...

05/11/2025

We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with congenital bronchial atresia exacerbated by recurrent pulmonary infections. Born prematurely at seven months, the patient experienced recurring respiratory symptoms and persistent chest pain. Despite a month of broad-spectrum antibiotics, his symptoms pe...

05/11/2025

Introduction: Marginal integrity can be defined as the ability of a sealant to establish a robust and resilient bond at the interface between the sealant and the tooth surface, preventing microleakage, discoloration, the formation of voids and cracks, and the subsequent development of caries lesions...

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