11/30/2022
What Are Cataracts?
A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye. Cataracts can make it difficult to read and drive a car (especially at night). Cataracts can cause sensitivity to light and glare, frequent changes in eyeglasses prescription and double vision in a single eye. Most cataracts develop slowly and don't disturb eyesight early on. At first, stronger lighting and eyeglasses can help. But with time, cataracts will eventually interfere with vision. Fortunately, cataract surgery is generally a safe, effective procedure.
When to consider cataract surgery?
Most eye doctors suggest considering cataract surgery when cataracts begin to affect quality of life or interfere with normal daily activities, such as reading or driving at night. For most people, there is no rush to remove cataracts because they usually don't harm the eyes. However sometimes cataract surgery should be considered at an earlier stage. For example for drivers with classes A-F licence, because of more strict vision requirements set by MTO; when cataract is associated with pseudoexfoliation, because of risk of surgical complications; with a certain type of cataract (posterior subcapsular), because it can progress faster.
What happens during cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with a clear artificial lens. The artificial lens, called an intraocular lens, is positioned in the same place as a natural lens. Before the surgery both eyes are measured to safely choose the new lens that will be implanted. The two measurement techniques are A-scan ultrasound and IOL Master. IOL Master is recommended to all patients as it is usually more accurate. There is a wide range of choices regarding which IOL to have placed in the eye. Lens types can be divided into four major categories: 1. standard lenses; 2. wavefront lenses; 3 toric, or astigmatism correcting lenses; and 4. multifocal/accommodating lenses. The surgeon will make the most appropriate recommendations based on the patient's specific circumstances.
Cataract surgery is generally done on an outpatient basis. During cataract surgery the eye doctor uses a local anesthetic to numb the area around the eye, but the patient usually stays awake during the procedure. Cataract surgery is generally safe, but it carries a small risk of complications. Healing generally occurs within a few weeks. If there is cataract in both eyes, surgery to remove the cataract in the second eye is scheduled after the first eye heals. Sometimes it is safe and preferable to perform both surgeries at the same time.