12/08/2026
How should we interpret clinical trial data in melanoma?
Prof. Paolo Ascierto highlights an essential point: clinical trials generate crucial evidence, but they are conducted in highly selected patient populations. Strict inclusion criteria mean that some patients we routinely see in clinical practice, such as those with brain metastases, leptomeningeal disease or poorer performance status, may be underrepresented or excluded.
For this reason, trial results should never be viewed as simply “positive” or “negative.” They need to be interpreted in the context of the study design, inclusion criteria, assumptions, strengths and limitations.
Looking beyond the headline result, and critically examining what the data can and cannot tell us, is key to translating evidence into real-world clinical practice.