13/10/2026
COMMENTARY Clinical Implications of Secondary
Impingement of the Shoulder in Freestyle Swimmers
Biomechanics of Swimmers With Symptomatic Shoulders During early pull-through, hand placement of swimmers with painful shoulders
shoulder abduction and concomitant upward scapular rotation. The serratus anterior
decrease in activity throughout the entire stroke cycle in swimmers with painful shoulders
Swimmers with painful shoulders also tended to drop their elbow in late recovery and early pull-through, which is universally recognized by coaches as a sign of fatigue
The highest incidence of pain was reported during mid pullthrough
Swimmers who cross the hand past the midline of the body may have a greater chance of impingement . Horizontal adduction and internal rotation is a position similar to the used in diagnosis of impingement syndrome
