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Breast Cancer 4TreatmentTreatment depends on a couple of factors. The size and type of breast cancer, where it is, if it...
13/10/2026

Breast Cancer 4

Treatment

Treatment depends on a couple of factors. The size and type of breast cancer, where it is, if it has spread, and your general health. The main treatment is usually surgery although other treatments include:

• Chemotherapy which can be before surgery to help make the cancer smaller, after surgery if it has spread or both if you have a certain type of breast cancer.
• Radiotherapy is given after surgery to lower the chance of the cancer coming back.
• Hormone therapy uses medicines to either lower the amount of certain hormones in the body, block certain hormones from getting to the cancer cells and just like chemotherapy before and after surgery for the same reasons.
• Targeted medicines and immunotherapy work together to kill the cancer cells and may be used before surgery to help make it smaller, after surgery to lower the chance of it returning.

All of the above treatments can be used against secondary cancer to help control your symptoms.

How to check and survival

UK figures show that women diagnosed between 2018 and 2022 who caught their cancer early, at stage one, most (almost 100%) survived their cancer. So, don’t leave it too late, check your breasts for signs of cancer, look in a mirror for changes in shape or skin texture, feel each breast and armpit using flat fingers with varying pressure, and see a GP promptly if you notice any unusual lumps, pain, or fluid changes.

Breast Cancer 3SymptomsThe main symptoms of breast cancer in women may include: • A lump, or swelling in your breast, ch...
06/10/2026

Breast Cancer 3

Symptoms

The main symptoms of breast cancer in women may include:

• A lump, or swelling in your breast, chest or armpit
• A change in the skin of your breast, such as dimpling (may look like orange peel) or redness (may be harder to see on black or brown skin)
• A change in size or shape of 1 or both breasts
• Ni**le discharge which may have blood in it
• A change in the shape or look of your ni**le, such as it turning inwards (inverted ni**le) or a rash on it (may look like eczema)

You may get pain in your breast or armpit with these symptoms. But you can have these symptoms without pain and it’s important to remember, breast pain by itself is not usually a symptom.

Breast Cancer 2Those most at riskAnyone can get breast cancer and it’s not always clear what causes it. You might be mor...
29/09/2026

Breast Cancer 2

Those most at risk

Anyone can get breast cancer and it’s not always clear what causes it. You might be more likely to get it if you:

• Are over 50
• Have dense breast tissue
• Have other people in your family who’ve had breast cancer or ovarian cancer - you may have inherited a faulty gene, such as a faulty BRCA gene
• Have certain breast conditions, such as benign breast disease, ductal carcinoma in situ or lobular carcinoma in situ

You may also be more likely to get breast cancer if you have higher levels of the hormones oestrogen, progesterone or testosterone. This may be more likely if you:

• Started your periods before you were 12, or went through the menopause after you turned 55
• Have not given birth, or gave birth for the first time after 30
• Did not breastfeed your children
• Have used the contraceptive pill in the last 10 years, or taken hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

These only slightly increase your risk and for many people the benefits of taking them outweigh the risks.
Many breast cancers are also linked to lifestyle, such as smoking.

Breast Cancer 1Breast cancer is when abnormal cells in the breast begin to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. It’s ...
22/09/2026

Breast Cancer 1

Breast cancer is when abnormal cells in the breast begin to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. It’s the most common cancer in the UK. Around 59,400 people are diagnosed with breast cancer every year in the UK. That is more than 160 people a day. 15 out of 100 (15%) newly diagnosed cancers in the UK are breast cancer.

Breast cancer is more common in women than men. Around 59,000 women and around 420 men are diagnosed with breast cancer in the UK each year. 1 in 7 women in the UK develop breast cancer during their lifetime.

Endometriosis 6 Quiz Q1 What is endometriosis?A1 It is where cells similar to those in the lining of your womb (uterus...
15/09/2026

Endometriosis 6

Quiz

Q1 What is endometriosis?
A1 It is where cells similar to those in the lining of your womb (uterus) grow in other parts of your body.
Q2 Where is it found?
A2 In areas around the womb, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes and lining of the pelvis.
Q3 What symptoms might you have during periods?
A3 Severe period pain that stops you from doing your normal activities, heavy periods.
Q4 What other symptoms can you have at any time?
A4 Pain in your lower tummy and back, pain when you poo/pee, pain during/after s*x, extreme tiredness, pain or bleeding in other areas such as in the chest which may cause shortness of breath or coughing up blood.
Q5 Why does it take a long time to diagnose endometriosis?
A5 Because the symptoms can be similar to other conditions.
Q6 When should I see my GP?
A6 You think you might have endometriosis, your symptoms are affecting your everyday life, work and relationships, you’ve had treatment from your GP but your symptoms do not get better or worse.
Q7 What happens at your GP appointment?
A7 Your GP will ask about your symptoms and if any of your close relatives have had endometriosis, do a physical examination (including an internal vaginal exam) to check your tummy and pelvic area and blood tests.
Q8 What happens if they think I have endometriosis?
A8 They will refer you to a gynaecologist for further tests, offer medicines to help relieve your symptoms.
Q9 What causes endometriosis?
A9 It is not know what causes endometriosis and there are currently no treatments that can cure it.
Q10 How is endometriosis managed?
A10 The first treatment are painkillers and hormones such as the combined contraceptive pill.

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