13/07/2018
Something worth knowing if you're involved in outdoor activities
Two common heat-related illnesses are heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Heat exhaustion is less serious but can develop into heatstroke. Heatstroke is a medical emergency.
Both illnesses have some signs and symptoms in common, but there are a few that can help distinguish between them. A person with heat exhaustion may be suffering from some, or all, of the following:
- excessive thirst
- fatigue and/or weakness
- nausea and/or vomiting
- headache
- dizziness
- confusion and/or anxiety
- rapid heart rate
- excessive sweating
- muscle cramps
- pale, cold, clammy skin
- dark-coloured urine, which can indicate dehydration
A person suffering from heatstroke may have some, or all, of the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion, as well as the following:
- hot, flushed, dry skin
- fever of 40°C (104°F) or higher
- lack of sweating
- difficulty breathing
- seizures
- possible loss of consciousness
Treatment for heat exhaustion includes:
- get the patient to a cool place, or at least provide some shade
- remove, or loosen, any tight clothing or extra layers
- cool the patient (soak a t-shirt and apply it to their skin if nothing else is available)
- if the patient is alert, get them to sip fluids (nothing with caffeine or alcohol)
- consider giving the patient salts and electrolytes as well as water
If heatstroke is suspected, call 999 or 112 and get help. Attempt the steps above while waiting for help to arrive.