18/06/2026
Some menstrual changes in younger women are not just “normal irregularity”, they can sometimes point to an underlying hormonal condition 🌸
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) occurs when the ovaries stop working properly before the age of 40. This leads to reduced oestrogen production and changes in ovulation and the menstrual cycle.
Unlike natural menopause, POI can be variable. Ovarian function may fluctuate, meaning symptoms and periods can sometimes come and go.
What is happening in the body?
The ovaries are not regularly releasing eggs or producing typical levels of hormones such as oestrogen. This hormonal change can affect not only fertility, but also many other systems in the body.
Oestrogen plays a role in:
• Menstrual cycle regulation
• Bone strength
• Heart health
• Brain function and mood
• Vaginal and urinary health
Common symptoms of POI can include:
• Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods
• Difficulty conceiving
• Hot flushes or night sweats
• Vaginal dryness or discomfort
• Low mood, anxiety, or irritability
• Reduced libido
• Fatigue or reduced energy
Some women may notice symptoms gradually, while others experience more sudden changes.
Possible causes
In many cases, the exact cause is not identified. However, POI can sometimes be linked to:
• Genetic factors
• Autoimmune conditions
• Medical treatments such as chemotherapy or pelvic surgery
• Viral infections (less commonly)
• No identifiable cause (idiopathic POI)
Why diagnosis matters
Early recognition is important because reduced oestrogen over time can affect:
• Bone density (risk of osteoporosis)
• Cardiovascular health
• Emotional wellbeing
• Long-term hormonal balance
Diagnosis allows access to appropriate medical support, including hormone replacement therapy and fertility counselling where relevant.
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