31/08/2017
Dietary Reference Values for potassium EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA)
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for potassium. The Panel decided to set DRVs on the basis of the relationships between potassium intake and blood pressure and stroke. The Panel considered that randomised controlled studies and an observational cohort study carried out in a European adult population provide evidence that a potassium intake of 3,500 mg (90 mmol)/day has beneficial effects on blood pressure in adults. Furthermore, there is consistent evidence from observational cohort studies that potassium intakes below 3,500 mg/day are associated with a higher risk of stroke. Available data could not be used to determine the average requirement of potassium but could be used as a basis for deriving an adequate intake (AI). A potassium intake of 3,500 mg/day was considered adequate for the adult population and an AI of 3,500 mg/day for adult men and women was proposed. For infants and children, the AIs were extrapolated from the AI for adults by isometric scaling and including a growth factor. An AI of 750 mg (19 mmol)/day was set for infants aged 7- 11 months. For children, AIs from 800 mg (20 mmol)/day (1 to 3 years old) to 3,500 mg/day (15 to 17 years old) were set. Considering that the daily accretion rate of potassium in fetal and maternal tissues can be met by the adaptive changes which maintain potassium homeostasis during pregnancy, the AI set for adults applies to pregnant women. For lactating women, the amount of potassium needed to compensate for the losses of potassium through breast milk was estimated and an AI of 4,000 mg (102 mmol)/day was proposed.