22/04/2026
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a step-by-step way to teach children (especially those with autism or limited speech) how to communicate using pictures.
Here’s a parent-friendly guide to the different levels
Level 1: How to Ask (Basic Requesting)
“I want that!”
● The child learns to pick up a picture (e.g., cookie) and give it to you
● You immediately give the item
Example:
Child hands you a picture of juice → you say “Juice!” and give juice
Goal: Teach that communication = getting needs met
Level 2: Distance & Persistence
“I can ask anywhere, anytime”
● Child learns to:
○ Go to the picture
○ Go to the parent/teacher
○ Keep trying even if it’s not easy
Example:
Picture is across the room → child walks, gets it, and gives it to you
Goal: Build independence and persistence
Level 3: Picture Discrimination
“I choose what I want”
● Child chooses between 2 or more pictures
● Learns to pick the correct item
Example:
Cookie vs. apple → child picks cookie if they want cookie
This is where mistakes happen—child might grab randomly at first
Goal: Teach meaningful choices
Level 4: Sentence Building
“I can make a simple sentence”
● Child uses a sentence strip:
○ “I want” + item picture
Example:
“I want + ball”
Goal: Build early language structure
Level 5: Answering Questions
“What do you want?”
● Child responds when asked
● Still uses sentence strip
Example:
You ask: “What do you want?”
Child builds: “I want + chips”
Goal: Move from initiating → responding
Level 6: Commenting & Expanding Language
“I can talk about things”
● Child learns to comment, not just request:
○ “I see”
○ “I hear”
○ “I feel”
Example:
“I see + dog”
“I hear + airplane”
Goal: Expand beyond needs into sharing experiences
Simple Way to Remember
PECS goes from: Asking → Choosing → Sentences → Answering → Commenting
Important Parent Reminders
● PECS is not just giving pictures—it’s a structured teaching system
● Always honor the request immediately (especially early levels)
● Don’t force speech—communication comes first
Work with a trained therapist if possible