13/03/2026
Intervertebral disc changes involve age-related degeneration, characterized by reduced water content, decreased proteoglycans, and structural breakdown, leading to reduced disc height, flexibility, and increased risk of hernia. These changes cause stiffening, chronic pain, and potential nerve compression (sciatica). Common factors include aging, genetics, smoking, and mechanical stress.
Key Physiological Changes in Intervertebral Discs:
1. Loss of Hydration: The nucleus pulposus (central core) loses its gelatinous consistency, becoming more fibrous and less capable of acting as a shock absorber.
2. Decreased Disk Height: As moisture and structural integrity decline, the discs shrink, causing narrowing of the space between vertebrae.
3.Structural Disorganization: The annulus fibrosus (outer layer) may develop tears and fissures, allowing the inner material to protrude (herniation).
4.Nutrient Reduction: Decreased permeability in the cartilaginous endplates restricts nutrient supply, impairing cell viability.
5.Bone Spur Formation: Chronic degeneration can lead to the formation of osteophytes (bony outgrowths) at the edges of the vertebrae.
