14/06/2026
of Infertility in Human Beings: Doctor's Viewpoint
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular, unprotected sexual in*******se. It affects both men and women and is a common medical problem worldwide. In approximately one-third of cases, the cause lies primarily in the woman, one-third in the man, and the remaining cases involve both partners or unexplained factors.
In women, the most common causes include ovulation disorders, such as Polycystic O***y Syndrome, where eggs are not released regularly. Damage or blockage of the fallopian tubes due to pelvic infections, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, or previous surgeries can prevent the s***m and egg from meeting. Conditions such as Endometriosis, uterine fibroids, congenital abnormalities of the uterus, and advancing age can also reduce fertility. Female fertility declines significantly after the age of 35 years.
In men, infertility may result from a low s***m count, poor s***m motility, abnormal s***m shape, hormonal disorders, varicocele (enlarged veins around the te**is), infections, undescended te**es, genetic conditions, or obstruction of the s***m ducts. Smoking, excessive alcohol intake, drug abuse, obesity, exposure to toxins, and certain medications can adversely affect s***m production and quality.
Lifestyle factors play an important role in both sexes. Stress, obesity, poor nutrition, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants, and exposure to excessive heat or radiation may contribute to infertility.
In some couples, despite thorough evaluation, no specific cause is identified; this is known as unexplained infertility.
Fortunately, many causes of infertility are treatable. Early medical evaluation, healthy lifestyle habits, timely treatment of infections, and appropriate fertility therapies can significantly improve the chances of conception. Couples facing infertility should seek professional medical advice rather than relying on myths or unproven remedies, as early diagnosis often leads to better outcomes.