21/06/2015
EUCALYPTUS
Eucalyptus globuleus
Wonder fully aromatic, eucalyptus oil is a main component in cold remedies, antiinflammatory creams, mouthwashes and soaps, and its abundance of active ingredients is the focus of much modern research.
There are more than 800 species of eucalyptus trees, most of which are endemic to Australia. Their wood is hard and resilient and, when pulped, is used to produce high-quality papers; the trees are also used to make a range of dyes, and the nectars yield fine honey. So useful are eucalyptus trees, indeed, that they have been cultivated in many other parts of the world.
Australia’s Aboriginal people have been making the most of the many medicinal applications of eucalypts for thousands of years, especially of help wounds heal and to treat fungal infections. British naturalist Joseph Banks was the first visitor to collect eucalyptus specimens, in the 1770s, and in 1789 a sample of eucalyptus oil was sent to London, after settlers noticed its similarities to peppermint and suggested it might have medicinal qualities. Industrial distillation began in the 1850s, and the use of eucalyptus oil grew quickly – it was even adopted as a disinfectant for catheters in late-nineteenth century European hospitals.
Oil supplies Today, eucalyptus oil is normally obtained by steam distillation of the leaves and branch tops of the blue gum The oil is a complex mixture of (antibacterial) tanning, ( antioxidant) flavonoids and ( antibacterial and anticancer) terpenoids.
In addition, it contains alpha-pinene, which has proven antibacterial effects. By far the most important and dominant compound, however, is a volatile terpenoid called cineole (or euca-lyptol). Which supplies the characteristic odour.
With so many active ingredients, it is no surprise there has been much interest in the oil’s medicinal properties. A study at the Aligarh Muslim University, India, in 2001, showed that eucalyptus oil has wide-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties, including the ability to inhibit the fungus Candida albicans, which causes thrush ( candidiasis).
In a 2006 study at Tehran University of medical Sciences in Iran, eucalyptus oil inhibited growth in cultures of bacteria taken from 200 patients with respiratory infections, and a 2010 study at the Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, showed that eucalyptus oil can suppress infections of MRSA(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) The main attraction Cineole, the most important active component in eucalyptus oil, has been the subject of a good deal of Research, too. In 2003, researchers at the Bonn University Hospital, Germany, found that cineole reduced the inflammatory response and production of mucus in patients with severe asthma, and they were able to reduce the patients with severe asthma, and they were able to reduce the patients’ reliance on standard steroid-based treatment as a result. Several studies have also highlighted cineole’s ability to reduce pressure on the sinuses, its antitussive (cough-suppressing) properties and its analgesic (pain relieving) properties.
And because cineole is volatile, inhaling eucalyptus oil vapour is an effective way of delivering it to the membranes of the respiratory system.
Cineole has even been shown to halt the proliferation of abnormal cells in leukaemia. In 2002, researchers at Mie University, Japan, discovered that cineole causes the cells to self-destruct, by attacking their DNA.