17/02/2018
Different types of injections
01. intradermal injection,
injection of small amounts of material into the corium or substance of the skin. This method is used in diagnostic procedures and in administration of regional anesthetics, as well as in treatment procedures. In certain allergy tests, the allergen is injected intracutaneously. These injections are given in an area where the skin and hair are sparse, usually on the inner part of the thigh in dogs or the caudal fold in cows. A small-gauge needle is recommended and it is inserted at a 10- to 15-degree angle to the skin.
02. intramuscular injection
injection into the substance of a muscle, usually the thigh or pectoral muscle, or the muscle of the neck or rump. Intramuscular injections are given when the substance is to be absorbed quickly. They should be given with extreme care, especially in the thigh, because the sciatic nerve may be injured or a large blood vessel may be entered if the injection is made without drawing back on the syringe first.
03. intravenous injection.
an injection made into a vein. Intravenous injections are used when rapid absorption is called for, when fluid cannot be taken by mouth, or when the substance to be administered is too irritating to be injected into the skin or muscles. In certain diagnostic tests and x-ray examinations, a drug or dye may be administered intravenously. Blood transfusions also are given by this route. See also intravenous infusion.
04. subcutaneous injection
injection made into the subcutaneous tissues; called also hypodermic injection. Although usually fluid medications are injected, occasionally solid materials, such as steroid hormones, are administered subcutaneously in small, slowly absorbed pellets to prolong their effect. Subcutaneous injections may be given wherever there is subcutaneous tissue, usually in the loose skin on the side of the chest or in the flank. The amount injected should not exceed 2 ml for cats and small dogs, 5 ml for large dogs and 20 ml for horses. Cows are often given 200 ml because of their very loose skin. The needle is held at a 45-degree angle to the skin..
