04/12/2025
The Coombs test, known medically as the antiglobulin test, is a diagnostic tool used primarily to identify conditions leading to the destruction of red blood cells by the immune system, a process that results in hemolytic anemia. There are 2 types of Coombs test. The direct Coombs test looks for antibodies that are stuck to the surface of the red blood cells. It is used to diagnose conditions such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The indirect Coombs test looks for antibodies that are floating in the blood. It is used to screen your blood before a transfusion or during pregnancy. The Coombs test is indicated for various clinical needs, such as diagnosing types of hemolytic anemia, screening before blood transfusions to prevent adverse reactions, investigating certain autoimmune conditions that affect blood cells, and monitoring the disease progression or the effectiveness of treatments. A positive Coombs test, also known as a positive antiglobulin test, signifies that there are antibodies attached to the patient's red blood cells. This finding is an important indicator of hemolytic anemia, where the body's immune system is mistakenly attacking and destroying its own red blood cells, leading to a decrease in RBC count and potential anemia. Additionally, it may signal the risk of a reaction to blood transfusions or the presence of an autoimmune disorder that's affecting the red blood cells.
