Dr.huda

31/03/2022

👩🏻‍⚕️ Sudden cardiac arrest is the abrupt loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. The condition usually results from a problem with your heart's electrical system, which disrupts your heart's pumping action and stops blood flow to your body.

🧐symptoms:

✔️Sudden collapse
✔️No pulse
✔️No breathing
✔️Loss of consciousness

🔎 What Causes Asystole ?!
♦️ Ventricular fibrillation
♦️hypoxia
♦️ Hypovolemia
♦️hypothermia
♦️hypo/hyperkalemia
♦️ Tension pneumothorax
♦️ Tamponade
♦️ Toxins
♦️ Thrombosis

🚑 Can You Reverse Asystole ?

➡️ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
➡️epinephrine

08/03/2022

07/03/2022

👨‍⚕️confirm diagnosis by two of three criteria:
1.skin manifestation
2.hypotension
3.respiratory difficulty

➡️remove suspected factors

🚑 give 100% O2
🚑iv line
🚑cardiac monitoring

♦️if upper airway edema present (swollen lips , tongue, epiglottis..) then emergency intubation or surgical airway

💊 drugs
1.epinephrine im repeated every 5min (cornerstone)
2.all ermine amp
3.HC vial
4.ranitidine amp
5.ventoline neb

👩🏻‍⚕️cardiac arrest ➡️ CPR
👩🏻‍⚕️hypotension ➡️1_2 L saline

🔸observed for 4_6 hours

05/03/2022

28/02/2022

(shockable rhythms)

👩🏼‍⚕️confirm the diagnosis in any pt
1.unconscious
2.not breathing
3.undetected major arterial pulses

➡️focus history (age ..past medical history..current medication..chest pain )

➡️obtain urgent ECG trace (if shockable rhythm: ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia)

1.open airway by head tilt chin lift
2.remove any visible obstruction from mouth
3.prepare important medications
5.Oxygen supplementation
6.defibrillator should be ready

♦️give DC of 360 j for monophasic device.200 j for biphasic device

♦️CPR after shock for 2 min then check the rhythm if it is shockable give another shock then CPR

♦️after 3 shock give (epinephrine 1mg iv every 3-5 min or vasopressin 40 iu iv which can replace the first or second dose of epinephrine or amiodarone 300 mg bolus iv with subsequent doses of 150 mg iv

💊push 20ml of 0.9 saline after each drug

👩🏻‍⚕️continue CPR till you notice any signs of return of spontaneous circulation

🤔otherwise stop CPR after 20min then check for signs of death and declare death

23/02/2022

🔎 Hypoglycemia is a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal. Glucose is your body's main energy source.

🔎 a fasting blood sugar of 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), or below should serve as an alert for hypoglycemia

👩🏻‍⚕️symptoms:

An irregular or fast heartbeat
Fatigue
Pale skin
Shakiness
Anxiety
Sweating
Hunger
Irritability
Tingling or numbness of the lips, tongue or cheek

👩🏻‍⚕️ As hypoglycemia worsens, signs and symptoms can include:
1. Confusion, abnormal behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
2. Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision
3. Seizures
4. Loss of consciousness

💣 Complications :

✔️Seizure
✔️Loss of consciousness
✔️Death

💊treatment:
1. Eat or drink 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates
2. Recheck blood sugar levels 15 minutes after treatment.
3. Have a snack or meal
4. glucagon injection or intravenous glucose.

18/02/2022

👩🏼‍⚕️ Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

📝 In most cases, heart problems cause pulmonary edema

✔️causes :
1. Congestive heart failure
2. heart attack, or other heart diseases
3. leaking, narrowed, or damaged heart valves
4. sudden high blood pressure
5. pneumonia
6. kidney failure
7. lung damage caused by severe infection
8. severe sepsis of the blood, or blood poisoning caused by infection

🔎 Diagnosis of pulmonary edema :

1.an increased heart rate
2.rapid breathing
3.a crackling sound from your lungs
any abnormal heart sounds

❇️ Examples of tests used in diagnosing pulmonary edema include:

✔️complete blood count
✔️echocardiogram, or an ultrasound, to check for abnormal heart activity
✔️chest X-ray to see fluid
✔️blood tests to check oxygen levels
✔️electrocardiogram (ECG) to look for heart rhythm problems or signs of a heart attack

👩🏻‍⚕️treatment:
1. Preload reducers : Diuretics
2. Morphine (MS Contin, Oramorph, others
3. Blood pressure drugs if high blood pressure (GTN)
4.monitor UOP

🤔don’t forget semisitting postion and oxygen

23/11/2021

:

🔸bone death due to interruptions of the blood supply

🔹in the intra articular portion of the bones

🔎 x ray findings:

1.increase density of the subchondral bone
2.irregularities of the articular contour
3.fragmentation of the bone
4.crescentic lucent line beneath the articular cortex
4.cartilage space preserved

🔴MRI is imaging of choice

🔴causes :
1.steroids therapy
2.collagen vascular disease
3.radiation therapy
4.sickle cell anemia
5.exposure to high pressure environment
6.fracture