03/07/2026
A kamikaze mitral valve in valve procedure with a planned “bail-out strategy”.
A 79-year-old woman with a degenerated 27-mm Carpentier-Edwards Perimount mitral bioprosthesis presented with acute decompensated heart failure due to very severe bioprosthetic mitral stenosis (mean gradient more than 30 mmHg in acute phase, 18 mmHg after iv therapy) in non dilated LV with preserved ejection fraction. Given prohibitive surgical risk, transeptal valve-in-valve TMVR with a 26-mm balloon-expandable SAPIEN valve was planned. CT scan analysis demonstrated a markedly unfavorable mitro-aortic geometry, with an approximately right-angle relationship between the degenerated bioprosthesis and the LVOT. Valve simulation predicted a severely restricted neo-LVOT area. Transcatheter leaflet-modification techniques were not pursued because the principal determinant of LVOT obstruction was the unfavorable mitro-aortic geometry. Because of the clinical instability (the patient developed a cardiac arrest during CT scan) we decided to perform the intervention considering a strategy of preserving immediate access to the outflow tract to manage the predictable severe LVOT obstruction. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, with fluoroscopic and TOE guidance. After balloon pre-dilatation, a 26 mm Sapien Edwards valve was implanted. Immediately after valve deployment, a severe invasive peak-to-peak LV-aortic gradient of 120 mmHg was recorded, consistent with acute LVOTO, resulting in hemodynamic instability. To relieve the obstruction, a combined transmitral-transaortic kissing-balloon inflation was first performed and then a single transaortic balloon was used to flare the ventricular frame of the valve decreasing suboptimally the gradient. So we decided to select and occlude with coils the first septal branch achieving significant reduction of the gradient with hemodynamic stabilization. Adjunctive medical therapy combined afterload augmentation with vasopressors and high-dose beta-blockade, contributed to hemodynamic recovery. The post-procedural course was good and the patient was discharged after 5 days. The 3 month follow-up confirm the good result of the VIV with a moderate LVOT gradient. Thanks to all guys of the Gavazzeni CathLab and to Edwards for the support in this very complex procedure.