24/04/2012
Health Tips;
Congenital Heart Disease
****************************
What is congenital heart disease?
Congenital heart disease refers to a problem
with the heart's structure and function
due to abnormal heart development
before birth.
The congenital heart disease is about 8 per 1,000,
in developed countries. This number would also include
patients with "minor" congenital heart
diseases e.g. very small solitary hole
in the heart or mild valve narrowing or
leaking that do not require any active
intervention, apart from regular outpatient
reviews. I don't see an increase in incidence
over the past decade.
The public should not be unnecessarily
alarmed about these numbers as
many of these abnormalities are "minor"
defects that can either spontaneously
resolve or need no active intervention
or surgery.
How can congenital heart disease
be detected in newborns?
All newborns are screened prior to
discharge from the hospital.
Some cardiac abnormalities are
picked up during such screening,
for example presence of cardiac
murmur, abnormal pulses or
cyanosis (bluish discoloration).
Some signs can appear slightly
later and the abnormal clinical
signs might be picked up by the
family physicians, polyclinic
doctors or paediatrician and
then referred to cardiologists for
assessment.
However, babies with serious
complex cyanotic heart defect
can present in extremis soon
after birth - they can have
cardiovascular collapse,
present with respiratory distress,
extreme cyanosis etc.
Some cardiac defects are also
picked up during routine screening
by the School Health Service in schools.
With advances in imaging technologies,
congenital cardiac defects can also be
detected antenatally on fetal
echocardiography.
Babies with genetic disorders are
routinely sent for cardiac assessment
as they have a much higher incidence
of congenital heart defect compared
to the normal population.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is the survival rate of children with congenital
heart disease?
With advancement in surgical techniques,
cardiopulmonary bypass, anaesthesia, intensive care
and support, the survival rate of patients with
congenital heart defects has improved, especially
so for the more complex cyanotic congenital heart defects.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------