24/04/2026
Alzheimer disease (Alzheimer's disease)
is a progressive brain disorder that slowly damages memory, thinking, and the ability to carry out daily tasks. It is the most common cause of dementia.
What happens in Alzheimer’s?
In Alzheimer’s, brain cells are damaged and die over time. Two classic changes seen in the brain are:
Amyloid plaques (abnormal protein deposits)
Tau tangles (twisted fibers inside brain cells)
These changes interfere with communication between brain cells.
Symptoms
Early symptoms:
Forgetting recent events or conversations
Misplacing items
Difficulty finding words
Trouble planning or solving problems
Later symptoms may include:
Confusion about time or place
Personality or behavior changes
Difficulty recognizing loved ones
Trouble eating, walking, or swallowing (advanced stages)
Risk factors
Age (risk rises with aging)
Family history
Genetics
Heart and blood vessel risk factors (high blood pressure, diabetes)
Diagnosis
Doctors may use:
Medical history and memory testing
Neurological exam
Brain imaging (such as MRI or CT)
Sometimes blood or spinal fluid tests
Treatment
There is no complete cure yet, but treatments may help manage symptoms:
Medicines to support memory or slow progression in some people
Cognitive and supportive therapies
Safety planning and caregiver support
When to seek evaluation
If memory problems are affecting daily life, it is worth seeing a doctor. Not all memory loss is Alzheimer’s—some causes can be treatable.
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