25/04/2017
Emergency management of Poisoning
A poison is a substance that causes injury, illness or death if it enters the body. Poisons may enter the body in the form of liquids, solids, or gas and vapour fumes.
Poisons can enter via:
• the mouth and digestive system
• fumes through the lungs
• absorption of a chemical or plant extract through the skin
• injection of drugs of abuse
Symptoms and signs
• nausea or vomiting
• abdominal pain
• diarrhoea
• unconsciousness or deteriorating conscious state
• seizures
• breathing difficulty altered or changed behaviour – e.g. hallucination, aggression
How you can help
1. Check for dangers before approaching the patient
• Ensure safety for yourself, the patient, and any others before approaching to give first aid. If safe and necessary, remove the patient to a safer area.
• Note any information about the nature of the poisoning incident – e.g. tablets, berries, burns around the mouth, etc.
2. Check the patient’s level of consciousness
If unconscious:
• If breathing normally, turn the patient on their side in a supported position to clear the airway.
“Note that while handling an unconscious patient, it is very advisable to handle the neck with caution as poor handling might lead to injury to the cervical vertebrae and/or obstruction of the airway – leading to death thus, an unconscious patient should be moved around on a flat solid surface (eg a Plank) or the head should be supported by somebody to remain on same level with the rest of the body”.
Call for an ambulance or a ride to the hospital when conscious but
• If the mouth has burns from a corrosive poison, wipe the area with a moist cloth or tissues.