18/09/2026
Energy balance is king.
That doesn’t mean weight loss is simply “eat less, move more.”
Calories in and calories out are both dynamic. Sleep, appetite, satiety, food quality, portions, hormones, genetics and environment can influence intake.
Expenditure changes too through resting metabolism, exercise, NEAT, thermic effect of food, body size and adaptive thermogenesis.
When enough of these factors stack against you, weight loss can genuinely feel impossible.
Nearly 60 kg later, what changed things for me was learning how to make more of these factors work for me, not against me.
The biology is complicated. The equation is not. Energy balance is king.
For those who want continued reading: here’s the research:
1. Energy balance/body-weight regulation
PMID 28193517
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28193517/
2. Protein, satiety, GLP-1, CCK & ghrelin
PMID 32768415
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32768415/
3. Sleep restriction, ~385 kcal/day ↑ intake
PMID 27804960
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27804960/
4. Sleep extension, ~270 kcal/day ↓ intake
PMID 35129580
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35129580/
5. Ultra-processed diet, ~508 kcal/day ↑ intake
PMID 31105044
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31105044/
6. Portion size and energy intake
PMID 34687532
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34687532/
7. Components of energy expenditure
PMID 38759093
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38759093/
8. Calorie restriction and reduced free-living activity
PMID 18198305
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18198305/
9. Genetics and appetite/body-weight regulation
PMID 34556834
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34556834/
10. Adaptive thermogenesis systematic review
PMID 33762040
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33762040/
11. ~54 kcal/day RMR adaptation study
PMID 32386226
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32386226/