16/09/2026
Which of the following medications can cause pneumonia as a side effect?
A) Lisinopril B) Metformin C) Simvastatin D) Omeprazole
The correct answer is D) Omeprazole.
Mechanism & Adverse Effects
Omeprazole (Proton Pump Inhibitor): By suppressing gastric acid, PPIs increase stomach pH. This reduction in gastric acidity weakens a major antimicrobial barrier, allowing bacterial colonization in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Micro-aspiration of these bacteria into the lungs increases the risk of developing community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Overview of Other Options
Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor): Known for causing a dry, persistent cough (due to bradykinin accumulation) and hyperkalemia, but not pneumonia.
Metformin (Biguanide): Commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects (e.g., diarrhea, nausea) and, rarely, lactic acidosis.
Simvastatin (STATIN): Primarily associated with myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and elevated liver enzymes.
