Dr. Waseem Sarwar Malghani

31/05/2023

سینے کی جلن اور تیزابیت
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus.

Many people experience acid reflux from time to time. However, when acid reflux happens repeatedly over time, it can cause GERD.



Common signs and symptoms of GERD include:

1-A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), usually after eating, which might be worse at night or while lying down
2-Backwash (regurgitation) of food or sour liquid
3-Upper abdominal or chest pain
4-Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
5-Sensation of a lump in your throat
6-If you have nighttime acid reflux, you might also experience:
—An ongoing cough
—Inflammation of the vocal cords (laryngitis)
—New or worsening asthma

TO SEE A DOCTOR

Seek immediate medical care if you have chest pain, especially if you also have shortness of breath, or jaw or arm pain. These may be signs and symptoms of a heart attack.

Make an appointment with your doctor if you:

Experience severe or frequent GERD symptoms
Take over-the-counter medications for heartburn more than twice a week
OF GERD

When left untreated, GERD (or acid reflux) can lead to complications, including:

1-Adult onset asthma
2-Esophagitis (Inflammation, irritation, or swelling of the esophagus)
3-Stricture (Narrowing of the esophagus)
4-Barrett’s Esophagus (Pre-cancerous changes to the esophagus)
5-Regurgitation of acid into the lungs
6-Sinusitis
7-Ulcerations/bleeding

29/05/2023

27/05/2023

WHY HEPATITIS B VACCINATION??

Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a condition characterized by inflammation and, sometimes, enlargement of the liver. It has various causes, one of which is infection by a virus.

HBV is one of five "hepatitis viruses" identified so far that are known to mainly infect the liver. The other four are hepatitis A, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.

HBV is spread through contact with blood or other body fluids from an infected person.

Exposure can occur, for example, through sharing of needles for IV drug use or through unprotected s*x. People who live in or travel to areas of the world where hepatitis B is prevalent are at a greater risk.

Mothers who are infected can pass the infection to their babies, usually during or after birth. The virus is not spread through casual contact such as holding hands, coughing or sneezing.

However, the virus can survive outside the body for up to seven days, including in dried blood, and can be passed by sharing items such as razors or toothbrushes with an infected person.
Hepatitis B blood tests detect viral proteins (antigens), the antibodies that are produced in response to an infection, or detect or evaluate the genetic material (DNA) of the virus.

The pattern of test results can identify a person who has a current active infection, was exposed to HBV in the past, or has immunity as a result of vaccination.

Using hepatitis B testing to assess immunity to HBV may take place before or after vaccination.

Pre-vaccination testing is not always needed but may be performed if there is a chance that you have previously been infected with HBV or have already been vaccinated.

Post-vaccination testing is used in certain groups of people at an especially elevated risk for HBV infection, including infants born to mothers with a hepatitis B infection.

25/05/2023

ACUTE LIVER FAILURE!!!

Acute Liver Failure is when ones liver suddenly stops working.

The liver failing occurs suddenly and rapidly in days or weeks, that is why it's called “Acute”.

Chronic Liver Failure happens over a long period of time, that is why it's called “Chronic”

SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE LIVER FAILURE

1. Yellowing of the skin and eye balls (Jaundice)

2. Abdominal swelling

3. Nausea & vomiting

4. Confusion

5. Tremor (Hands shaking involuntarily)

6. Sleepiness

7. General sense of feeling of unwell.

CAUSES Of Acute Liver Failure:

The commonest cause is “Paracetamol/panadol Abuse" in the west while in Pakistan viruses including hepatitis A in children, Hepatitis E in women especially during pregnancy and Hepatitis B are common causes of acute liver failure.

Paracetamol is also called "panadol”.

Paracetamol is a very common painkiller used to relieve pains.

It can occur after one very large dose of paracetamol or abuse over a long time.

How Paracetamol Cause Liver Failure;

Paracetamol itself is not toxic, but in large amounts it overwhelms the livers ability to process it safely.

This leads to build up of a toxic metabolite (break-down product), which binds to liver cells, causing the liver cells to die.

Other Causes Of Acute Liver Failure

1. Some herbal drugs and concoctions

2. Hepatitis A, B and E all causes liver failure

3. Abuse of certain drugs such as antibiotics, NSAIDS, anticonvulsant's, etc

4. Cancer

5. Alcohol abuse

PREVENTION

1. Stop paracetamol abuse
Only take as prescribed by a doctor or pharmacist

2. Reduce alcohol intake

3. Practice safe s*x
- Wear a condom to prevent Hepatitis

4. Do not share sharp objects including razors

5. Get Hepatitis B vaccines

6. Stop taking herbal concoction
7. Don’t drink and eat from unhealthy source

19/05/2023

World IBD Day takes place on 19 May each year and unites people worldwide in their fight against Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, known as inflammatory bowel diseases.
Your journey is unique, so here's a quick guide to help you on your way!