09/08/2026
A Child with Sudden Bruising: A Case of Immune Thrombocytopenia
A previously healthy 1-year-old child was brought to the pediatric clinic with a short history of recurrent bruising and petechial spots over the body, particularly involving the knees and back. The parents also reported episodes of epistaxis and mild mucosal bleeding, which understandably caused significant anxiety.
On further history, the child had experienced a recent/recurrent respiratory tract infection prior to the onset of the bleeding manifestations. On examination, the child was alert and active, with multiple petechiae and ecchymotic patches over the skin, along with mild mucosal petechiae. There was no significant hepatosplenomegaly or other concerning systemic finding.
A complete blood count revealed marked thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count below 30,000/µL, while the other cell lines were relatively preserved. The clinical presentation and laboratory findings were consistent with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), likely occurring following a recent viral illness.
Given the significant thrombocytopenia and mucocutaneous bleeding, the child was started on oral prednisolone syrup with close clinical and platelet-count monitoring. Serial CBCs demonstrated progressive improvement in the platelet count, with complete resolution of the petechiae and bruising.
On follow-up, the child was active, playful, and clinically well, with no further episodes of bleeding.
Take-home Message
In a young child, sudden-onset petechiae, bruising, and mucosal bleeding should prompt an urgent platelet count. Immune thrombocytopenia is an important and often treatable cause of isolated severe thrombocytopenia in children. Early recognition, appropriate monitoring, and timely treatment can lead to an excellent outcome.