Vision Therapy Singapore

18/06/2026

Good news!! Our senior consultant Dr Yap Tiong Peng has recently published the Sensorimotor Framework for the NeuroRehabilitation of Oculomotor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease:
🔗 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124639

This recent framework (published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, Section on Clinical Neurology) characterizes oculomotor dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease (PD) using a sensorimotor integration framework to address vision-related symptoms. It details how distinct eye movement deficits directly impact a patient's daily activities, perception, and quality of life.

Oculomotor Abnormalities in PD: Parkinson's disease often impairs specific eye movement pathways, resulting in characteristic visual symptoms. Key deficits include:

⭐️ Hypometric Saccades: Inaccurate, undershooting eye movements, often requiring abnormally fragmented saccades.

⭐️ Pursuit: Difficulty smoothly tracking moving objects, leading to jerky or interrupted visual tracking.

⭐️ Convergence Insufficiency: A vergence disorder affecting nearly half of patients with PD, leading to poor eye focusing and alignment.

⭐️ Reaction Times: Increased latency in initiating gaze shifts compared to healthy individuals.Impact on Daily Living.

Because the brain struggles with precise eye control, patients frequently face severe real-world challenges:

😅 Asthenopia & Visual Fatigue: Severe eye strain during prolonged near-vision tasks.

😅 Diplopia & Perception: Nearly 18% of patients experience double vision, and 17% perceive text and words as moving while reading.

😅 Cognitive Load: Exacerbates cognitive fatigue when visual tasks demand high attention.

Sensorimotor Neurorehabilitation Approach*
To counteract these challenges, neurorehabilitation is broken down into four sequential goals:

✅ Ameliorate symptoms (e.g., reducing eye strain and headaches).

✅ Normalize visual functions.

✅ Integrate visual functions.

✅ Address visual deficits in relation to higher neurological processes.

Clinical recommendations to rehabilitate these pathways and support spatial cognition encompass:

🎉 Neuro-Optometric Vision Programs: Custom, structured eye training programs targeting binocular vision.

🎉 Compensatory Strategies: Using visual cues (like lines on the floor) to overcome freezing of gait, utilizing deliberate head turns to assist with gaze shifts, and optimizing lighting and contrast.

🎉 Multisensory/Dual-Task Interventions: Combining eye movement exercises with motor tasks (such as treadmill training) to improve balance and visuo-motor coordination.

You can read the complete article on Journal of Clinical Medicine:
🔗 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15124639

Oculomotor dysfunction is an eye movement disorder frequently experienced in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Many patients tend to experience visual symptoms, and this can exacerbate cognitive symptoms when visual tasks become more demanding. The purpose of this review is to characterize oculom...

09/06/2026

🕷️ 🧍‍♂️ Tom Holland’s Difficulties with Reading Cue Cards - Is this Dyslexia or a Vision Problem? 🧠 👁️ According to Dr Yap Tiong Peng (IGARD Centre Dr Yap Tiong Peng - Singapore Vision Therapy and Orthokeratology Treatment), trouble in reading cue cards can stem from both conditions, which often overlap. Dyslexia is a brain processing disorder affecting how words are decoded, while vision problems can affect eye teaming, focusing, tracking and visual processing. Both can cause reading fatigue, word-skipping, and letters that appear to "swim" or blur on the page. If it’s a vision problem, the eyes could lose their place on the line, words can appear double or blur together.

How to Tell the Difference and What to Do??? Consult with a Behavioural Optometrist to rule out binocular vision and visual processing disorders, and/or speak to an Educational Psychologist !!!! In Singapore, you can find Accredited Behavioural Optometrists with the credentials FACBO (Fellow of the Australasian College of Behavioural Optometrists), Board Certified Vision Therapy providers with the credentials FOVDR/FOVDR-A (USA), or Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation providers with the credentials FNORA (USA).

Can Vision Therapy Help? While optometrists do not cure or treat dyslexia, IGARD's team targets the visual processing deficits that often co-occur with learning differences. If there is a vision issue, clearing up any overlapping eye-teaming problems can help to reduce cognitive fatigue, allowing specialized reading interventions to work much more effectively. Find out from IGARD! More about dyslexia and vision from the website : www.igard.com.sg.

https://m.youtube.com/shorts/mS5s-R0_TJ8?ra=m

The Real Reason Why Tom Holland Has Never Hosted SNL #...

06/05/2026

07/04/2026

This is exactly what we do!
Thank you Integrated Learning Strategies

Comment “VISION” and we’ll send you more information on visual development activities that can support eye tracking, focus, and reading skills.

Many children who struggle with reading, copying from the board, or eye fatigue may not have an eyesight problem at all. Sometimes the challenge is how the eyes work together.

This skill is called binocular vision, the ability for both eyes to coordinate and process what we see.

When binocular vision isn’t working efficiently, kids may experience:
👀 Blurred or double vision
👀 Headaches while reading
👀 Difficulty tracking words across a page
👀 Trouble judging distance
👀 Eye fatigue during schoolwork

In some children, retained primitive reflexes can interfere with the development of visual skills needed for reading and learning.

Reflexes that may impact binocular vision include:
🧠 Moro Reflex
🧠 ATNR Reflex
🧠 STNR Reflex
🧠 TLR Reflex

These reflexes can affect eye tracking, visual focus, and spatial awareness, making tasks like reading, writing, and sports more challenging.

Comment “VISION” and we’ll send you more information and activities that support visual development and reflex integration.

07/04/2026

Myopia control is not about buying the best or most expensive brand of lenses for your children. It’s about the evidence based science that targets abnormal eye growth when the child is still developing. Let us help you to navigate thru the complexities of children myopia control.

Here’s some sharing on the contact lens strategy selection based on the patient’s characteristics published recently on Review of Optometry. Happy reading!!

Optimizing Contact Lenses in Myopia Management

When selecting CLs for patients with myopia, practitioners should be aware of the following:

▪ Avoid single vision lenses in myopia management.
▪ Follow the patient closely and to adjust refractive correction as it evolves.
▪ Never undercorrect.
▪ Never leave a patient with an outdated pair of glasses.
▪ Change lens power if refraction is modified by >0.25D.
▪ To comply with recommended wearing schedule (full time).
▪ Defocus may be generated through + or – lenses.
▪ Plus lenses are favored because they magnify the size of the signal.
▪ Center-distance lenses provide higher positive SA vs. center-near ones.
▪ MF lenses and filters can reduce contrast, but design matters!
▪ Atropine may help to increase the dose by enlarging the pupil diameter.
▪ Adequate (most likely higher) add or convex power is needed for fast progressors and high myopes.

Read the full feature: https://www.reviewofcontactlenses.com/article/optimizing-contact-lenses-in-myopia-management