08/28/2020
While not the flashiest of shoulder injuries, arthritis affects millions of people in the US and can be a source of severe pain, limited function, joint stiffness, and significant diminishment of quality of life.
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Cartilage covers the ends of the humerus and scapula and allows them to smoothly glide past one another during movement. Arthritis refers to any condition of the joint in which there is damage to the smooth cartilage covering a moving surface of a joint (called the articular cartilage) leading to cartilage loss.
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There are several types of shoulder arthritis:
▫️Osteoarthritis: Through wear and tear, cartilage becomes frayed and worn and eventually disappears causing the underlying bones to grind against one another.
▫️Inflammatory Arthritis: Inflammation of the joint and joint lining which leads to cartilage damage.
▫️Cuff Tear Arthropathy: Large tears of the rotator cuff tendon that have been left untreated leading to cartilage damage.
▫️Osteonecrosis: A condition in which the blood supply to the bone forming the ball of the shoulder is interrupted, leading to the collapse of a segment of the bone and cartilage damage.
▫️Post-Traumatic Arthritis: This can result from a fracture of the ball or socket, in which the cartilage surface is damaged as well.
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Initial treatment of shoulder arthritis is typically focused on minimally invasive treatments including range of motion exercises, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications (losing weight, avoiding activities that aggravate the shoulder joint), and pain management.
In cases where less invasive treatment options are insufficient, there are several surgical options:
▪️Arthroscopy: A small camera (arthroscope) is inserted into the shoulder to guide miniature surgical instruments for debridement of the joint.
▪️Shoulder joint replacement (arthroplasty): Advanced arthritis of the glenohumeral joint can be treated with shoulder replacement surgery, in which the damaged parts of the shoulder are removed and replaced with artificial components.
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