04/18/2020
A compression fracture occurs when part of a vertebra collapses. The most common type of compression fracture is a wedge fracture, in which the front of the vertebral body collapses but the back does not, meaning that the bone assumes a wedge shape.
Multiple compression fractures can lead to kyphosis, a spinal deformity when the upper back curves forward, creating the appearance of a hunchback. In some cases, a person who experiences multiple compression fractures may notice a loss of height.
These types of “crush” fractures can occur in healthy bone after serious trauma but more often the vertebra with a compression fracture is already weakened. The most common cause of weakening is osteoporosis, a condition of weak and brittle bones. Tumors or infections can also cause bone weakening.
For the most part, nonoperative treatments are recommended for compression fracture. These treatments include pain medications, modified physical activity, or occasionally a brace to offload the anterior spine. Vertebral fractures typically take about three months to fully heal.
If the fracture is caused by osteoporosis, treatment of the osteoporosis can help prevent additional fractures. Treatment may include calcium and vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and weight bearing exercises. Surgery may be necessary if the spine appears to be unstable.
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@ Boulder Medical Center
