08/31/2026
“HRT reduces dementia risk by 10%.”
It sounds like great news—but the devil is always in the details.
In this large UK Biobank observational study, menopausal hormone therapy was associated with approximately:
• 10% lower overall dementia incidence
• 26% lower dementia incidence among women with early surgical menopause
• 13% lower incidence among women carrying APOE ε4
But here is the finding most headlines will miss: among women who experienced natural menopause, hormone therapy was not associated with a statistically significant overall reduction in dementia.
That is puzzling.
One possible explanation is that replacing hormones after the abrupt loss of ovarian function helps mitigate the additional neurological risk created by surgical menopause. But the study does not explain why no significant benefit appeared in the larger group of women experiencing natural menopause.
More importantly, this observational study cannot tell us which hormone regimen might support brain health. It lacks the clinical detail we would need about the hormones used, their formulations, doses, routes, timing and duration. It also cannot establish causation.
Some will interpret these limitations to mean that the study does not justify using HRT to prevent dementia—and it certainly does not prove that hormone therapy prevents dementia.
But that is not how I use HRT.
In the ReCODE approach, hormone optimization is one of the foundational building blocks we consider when addressing the multiple systems that influence long-term brain health. It is not a stand-alone dementia-prevention treatment, and it is never the whole strategy.
I will therefore continue the approach I have used for years: advocate for HRT based on the individual woman in front of me, begin as early as possible during perimenopause when clinically appropriate, continue for as long as possible when the benefits continue to outweigh her individual risks, and adjust the formulation and dosage according to her symptoms, history, response and goals.
The headline is simple. The science—and the woman—is not.
For more details, see the links in my bio.