JAMA Oncology

06/05/2026

In an international, double-blind, phase 3 randomized clinical trial of 585 patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small cell (ES-SCLC), first-line combination therapy with serplulimab plus chemotherapy was associated with a substantial improvement in overall survival compared with placebo plus chemotherapy.

Median overall survival was 15.8 months for the serplulimab group vs 11.1 months for the placebo group, and estimated 4-year survival was higher with serplulimab (21.9% vs 7.2%). Rates of grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent adverse events were similar to prior reports and manageable, with no new safety signals identified. Patient-reported outcomes indicated maintained health-related quality of life and similar symptom trajectories between groups.

These findings support serplulimab plus chemotherapy as a first-line standard of care for ES-SCLC, providing durable survival benefit. https://ja.ma/4ubbvG4

06/05/2026

Oral upadacitinib achieved rapid resolution and pruritus relief in severe immune checkpoint inhibitor–related , with no serious treatment-related adverse events.

https://ja.ma/4vtoCTZ

06/03/2026

When lung cancer has spread beyond the lungs, this is known as stage IV (4), or metastatic, lung cancer. Treatment at this stage usually focuses on systemic therapy, medications prescribed by a medical oncologist, such as targeted therapy, immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, or chemotherapy, that travel through the bloodstream to treat cancer cells throughout the body.

This JAMA Oncology Patient Page discusses benefits and risks of local consolidative therapy for metastatic and which patients might be considered for this treatment. https://ja.ma/4aqH5Z9

06/02/2026

This phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trial evaluated oral upadacitinib for severe immune checkpoint inhibitor–related dermatitis in patients with solid tumors. Rash resolution to grade ≤1 was achieved in all participants within 28 days, and pruritus improvement was reported within 1 day of initiation. Upadacitinib was well tolerated, with no serious treatment-related adverse events. The majority of patients were able to continue immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as scheduled, indicating the potential of upadacitinib as a safe and effective option for managing severe induced by immunotherapy.

This nonrandomized clinical trial examines the safety and efficacy of oral upadacitinib in the treatment of patients with severe immune checkpoint inhibitor–related dermatitis.

06/01/2026

From JAMA: In this multicenter study, adjuvant did not significantly improve disease-free or overall survival compared with observation in resected non-small cell lung (NSCLC) after standard care adjuvant and/or , regardless of PD-L1 expression.

Adverse event rates were consistent with previous reports of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and subgroup analysis showed no differential treatment effect.

These findings highlight that the benefit of immunotherapy in NSCLC may be setting- and sequence-dependent, with established efficacy in the neoadjuvant or perioperative context, but not in the adjuvant post-chemotherapy setting.



https://ja.ma/3RGGOuJ

06/01/2026

In a phase 3 randomized clinical trial of women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2)-negative advanced , first-line therapy with fovinaciclib plus letrozole or anastrozole prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo plus aromatase inhibitor, as assessed by blinded independent review.

The benefit of fovinaciclib was consistent across most patient subgroups and aligned with improvements in other efficacy end points, while overall survival data remained immature. Fovinaciclib’s safety profile was manageable, with hematologic toxic effects being the most frequent events but rarely leading to treatment discontinuation, and quality of life scores were equivalent between groups.

These findings support the use of fovinaciclib combined with an aromatase inhibitor as first-line therapy for patients with hormone receptor–positive, ERBB2-negative advanced .



https://ja.ma/4u3nvZV

06/01/2026

A 69-year-old male patient presented with worsening new-onset oral ulcerations and pain. He had myelodysplastic syndrome and underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant 18 months prior. What is your diagnosis? Take the JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge:

A 69-year-old male patient presented with worsening new-onset oral ulcerations and pain. He had myelodysplastic syndrome and underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant 18 months prior. What is your diagnosis?

05/31/2026

In a cohort study of women with pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes from the WISDOM risk-based screening trial, most participants would not have been recommended for high-risk screening, such as alternating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography every 6 months, based on clinical risk models alone or in combination with polygenic risk scores.

For high-penetrance PV carriers, less than 1% would have been assigned the same intensive surveillance using model-based or combined clinical and polygenic risk assessment as compared to PV-informed strategies.

These results indicate that population-based PV testing identifies different high-risk subgroups than clinical or polygenic risk models and support the inclusion of germline PV testing as an essential component of risk-based breast cancer screening programs.



https://ja.ma/4nWoDgy

05/30/2026

Sequential radiotherapy and immunotherapy ( ) provided longer overall survival than concurrent iRT for newly diagnosed advanced non–small cell lung cancer, with additional benefit from chemotherapy.

https://ja.ma/43Jk1Rz

05/30/2026

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a noninvasive biomarker with the potential to detect minimal residual disease (MRD), monitor treatment response, and identify recurrence (eg, molecular relapse) earlier than conventional clinical or imaging approaches.

Although ctDNA-based MRD assays have demonstrated prognostic value in early breast cancer, their optimal clinical utility remains uncertain.

This Review examines the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA assays for detecting minimal residual disease in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

https://ja.ma/3PAJIRb