07/13/2026
Itâs time to move beyond the âfunctionsâ of a behavior.
The traditional four functions: attention, escape, tangible, and sensory, offer a surface-level view of a childâs behavior. They identify what a behavior accomplishes in the moment but often miss the deeper context. Each childâs experience, state of regulation and personal history shape behavior, and these antiquated, broad categories can overlook individual needs. In fact, by reducing behavior to categories like âattention-seeking,â we risk ignoring the emotional, sensory, or cognitive realities that drive behavior. This over-simplification can lead to generic behavior management or behavior modification rather than providing meaningful support to the child.
Modern neuroscience, trauma-informed care, and research on interoception have taught us that behavior is a signal, a clue that a child is either dysregulated, unable to solve a problem, or lacking a skill. Thatâs why a shift to the PENS lens is necessary and honors all that weâve learned about the brain since the original four âfunctionsâ were considered generally acceptable.
This re-frame guides us to understand the problem a child canât solve, an emotion they canât handle, a need thatâs not being met, or the skill not yet developed. With this new lens, the PENS lens, we donât just label or simplify behaviors, we use them as entry points to offer individualized support. While the original four functions âblameâ the child for the observable behavior, each component of the PENS lens offers an opportunity to HELP the child: HELP them solve a problem, HELP them manage an emotion, HELP them meet a need or HELP them learn a skill.
So grab your pen and write this down next time someone analyzes or assesses behavior. With the re-frame of the PENS lens, weâre not just identifying a function of a behavior, weâre offering the right support so that every problem, emotion, need or skill finds the care it deserves.
Please share this so that we can better support kids who are having difficulty meeting expectations and communicating this difficulty through their behavior, as kids often do.