08/20/2026
What are forever chemicals, and what are their health harms?
PFAS are called “forever chemicals” because they persist in the environment. PFAS are widely used in thousands of products, such as nonstick cookware, water- and stain-resistant clothing and carpets, sunscreen, and cosmetics. Over the years, they have accumulated in water, soil, air, and wildlife all over the world. PFAS are detected in nearly half of U.S. tap water.
Harmful health effects of PFAS include reduced fetal and infant growth, high cholesterol levels, thyroid, immune, and liver dysfunction, ulcerative colitis, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and cancer. Several research studies have found an association between PFAS exposure and higher blood sugar levels and risk of type 2 diabetes.
Contaminated drinking water is a significant source of PFAS exposure. Reverse osmosis systems are effective in removing PFAS from drinking water.
Diet is another major source of PFAS exposure. Foods of animal origin are the main dietary sources of PFAS exposure. Fish and seafood are associated with the highest level of exposure. Plant-based foods generally contain lower PFAS levels.
A good integrative medicine and functional medicine approach to health and disease prevention includes a mindful assessment of the potential exposures to environmental toxicants such as PFAS.
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What are forever chemicals, and how do they affect health? Learn about research on forever chemicals and type 2 diabetes, and learn how to reduce your exposure to forever chemicals.