09/12/2026
WHAT DO WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY “FASCIA”?
That question turns out to have a surprisingly complicated answer.
Historically, fascia has been used for quite different anatomical concepts—from bands and sheets of fibrous tissue to membranous structures and, more recently, a body-wide connective-tissue system. In fact, fascia researchers themselves have acknowledged that inconsistent definitions have created confusion.
That is why researchers eventually distinguished between “a fascia”—a recognizable anatomical connective-tissue structure—and “the fascial system,” a much broader three-dimensional continuum of loose and dense connective tissues throughout the body.
And the story is still evolving.
A 2025 Journal of Anatomy paper proposed a more detailed model in which the fascial system contains layers with contrasting properties: some predominantly collagenous and relatively stiff, and others rich in hyaluronan and more viscous, facilitating fluid movement and shear between tissue interfaces.
So the familiar picture of fascia as simply a sheet of fibrous connective tissue wrapped around a muscle is not wrong—but it is incomplete.
And that matters.
Because many of the manual therapies intended to “treat fascia” developed from earlier understandings of what fascia was and how it behaved.
Which brings us back to the question that began this inquiry:
If our understanding of fascia has changed, should our understanding of what it means to treat fascia change with it?
Next, we'll go back to the origins of the term Myofascial Release itself.
And as we're already discovering, even that history isn't quite as simple as it first appears.