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Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction...
06/05/2026

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein essential for normal blood clotting. VWF helps platelets adhere to damaged blood vessel walls and carries clotting factor VIII in circulation. Individuals with VWD may experience frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, excessive bleeding after surgery or dental procedures, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The condition is classified into three main types based on the amount and function of VWF. Diagnosis involves specialized blood tests that assess VWF levels, activity, and factor VIII. Treatment may include desmopressin, VWF concentrates, or antifibrinolytic medications depending on severity. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e26ff-5122-469f-9221-2329fdfea0b2

Pancreastatin is a peptide derived from chromogranin A, a protein stored and released by neuroendocrine cells. It plays ...
06/04/2026

Pancreastatin is a peptide derived from chromogranin A, a protein stored and released by neuroendocrine cells. It plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and gastrointestinal function. Clinically, pancreastatin has gained importance as a biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), particularly gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Elevated blood levels may correlate with tumor burden, disease progression, and response to treatment. Compared with chromogranin A, pancreastatin is less affected by proton pump inhibitor use, making it a potentially more specific marker in certain clinical settings. Measurement of pancreastatin can assist in disease monitoring, prognostication, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55c96e68-1818-469e-81ea-3c15dc872c45

The HOXB13 (G84E) gene mutation analysis is a genetic test used to identify a specific inherited variant in the HOXB13 g...
06/01/2026

The HOXB13 (G84E) gene mutation analysis is a genetic test used to identify a specific inherited variant in the HOXB13 gene that is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The G84E mutation results from a single amino acid substitution and has been linked to hereditary and early-onset prostate cancer, particularly in men of European ancestry. Individuals carrying this mutation may have a higher likelihood of developing aggressive disease and may benefit from enhanced screening and risk assessment. Testing is typically performed using blood or saliva samples and can aid in identifying at-risk family members. HOXB13 (G84E) analysis is often included in hereditary cancer panels to support personalized prevention, surveillance, and clinical management strategies. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55c693d2-46b4-4fef-b2f4-6d352f04aa15

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-containing particle found in the blood that resembles low-density lipoprotein...
05/29/2026

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-containing particle found in the blood that resembles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a). Lp(a) levels are largely determined by genetics and remain relatively stable throughout life. Elevated Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. High levels can promote plaque formation in arteries and increase blood clotting tendencies. Unlike traditional lipid markers, Lp(a) is not significantly affected by diet or lifestyle changes. Testing is recommended for individuals with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or unexplained high cardiovascular risk. Early identification helps guide risk assessment and preventive management strategies.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/63f2ed3f-f354-47e3-8052-5513038b0e84

Proinsulin testing measures the level of proinsulin, the precursor molecule that is normally converted into insulin and ...
05/28/2026

Proinsulin testing measures the level of proinsulin, the precursor molecule that is normally converted into insulin and C-peptide within pancreatic beta cells. Under healthy conditions, only small amounts of proinsulin are released into the bloodstream. Elevated proinsulin levels may indicate beta-cell dysfunction, impaired insulin processing, or increased demand for insulin production. Proinsulin testing is useful in evaluating disorders such as insulinoma, type 2 diabetes, and certain forms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. In patients with insulinoma, proinsulin levels are often disproportionately elevated compared to insulin levels. The test can help distinguish endogenous insulin production from exogenous insulin administration and provides valuable insight into pancreatic endocrine function and glucose metabolism. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55cd7a98-2fba-407f-9019-1650dbd34b19

The HIV Co-Receptor Tropism (Trofile) Assay is a specialized molecular test used to determine which co-receptor CCR5, CX...
05/26/2026

The HIV Co-Receptor Tropism (Trofile) Assay is a specialized molecular test used to determine which co-receptor CCR5, CXCR4, or both an HIV strain uses to enter host CD4+ T cells. This information is clinically important before initiating CCR5 antagonist therapy, such as maraviroc, because these drugs are effective only against CCR5-tropic HIV strains. The assay analyzes viral envelope proteins, particularly gp120, to assess viral tropism and predict treatment response. Trofile testing is commonly performed in patients with treatment-resistant HIV infection or virologic failure. Results help clinicians personalize antiretroviral therapy and avoid ineffective medications. Enhanced-sensitivity versions of the assay can detect minor CXCR4-using viral populations, improving therapeutic decision-making and contributing to more precise HIV management and better long-term treatment outcomes. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55d8f48a-0562-4e94-9b79-01d564d82d7a

Androgen receptor gene mutation refers to alterations in the AR gene located on the X chromosome, which encodes the andr...
05/23/2026

Androgen receptor gene mutation refers to alterations in the AR gene located on the X chromosome, which encodes the androgen receptor protein responsible for mediating the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Mutations in this gene can impair androgen signaling, leading to disorders such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, and certain forms of male infertility. Depending on the type and severity of the mutation, affected individuals may exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from ambiguous genitalia to complete resistance to male hormones. AR gene mutations are also implicated in prostate cancer progression, particularly in castration-resistant prostate cancer, where altered receptors continue to drive tumor growth despite androgen deprivation therapy. Molecular testing aids diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic planning.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea are related laboratory measurements used to assess kidney function and protein metabo...
05/22/2026

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea are related laboratory measurements used to assess kidney function and protein metabolism, but they are not identical. Urea is a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins and ammonia. It is transported in the blood and excreted by the kidneys. BUN specifically measures the nitrogen portion of urea in the blood rather than the entire urea molecule. Because of this difference, BUN values are numerically lower than urea values. Elevated BUN or urea levels may indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, or increased protein breakdown. Low levels can occur in liver disease or malnutrition. Both tests are commonly included in routine metabolic panels to evaluate renal and metabolic health.

A glucose tolerance test (GTT) is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate how efficiently the body processes glucose. It...
05/20/2026

A glucose tolerance test (GTT) is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate how efficiently the body processes glucose. It is commonly performed to diagnose diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. During the test, the patient fasts overnight, after which a fasting blood glucose sample is collected. The patient then drinks a standardized glucose solution, and blood samples are taken at specific intervals, usually over two hours, to measure changes in blood glucose levels. In healthy individuals, insulin helps move glucose into cells, causing blood glucose levels to return to normal. Abnormal results may indicate impaired glucose metabolism or insulin resistance. The test is especially valuable for detecting early abnormalities that may not appear in fasting glucose measurements alone. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.

Inherited Insulin Resistance Syndromes (INSR) gene mutation analysis is a molecular genetic test used to detect pathogen...
05/16/2026

Inherited Insulin Resistance Syndromes (INSR) gene mutation analysis is a molecular genetic test used to detect pathogenic variants in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene associated with severe insulin resistance disorders. These rare syndromes include Donohue syndrome, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, and Type A insulin resistance syndrome. Mutations in the INSR gene impair insulin receptor function, leading to abnormal glucose metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, growth abnormalities, and metabolic complications. Genetic analysis is commonly performed using PCR-based sequencing or next-generation sequencing techniques to identify point mutations, deletions, or insertions within the gene. Early detection supports accurate diagnosis, prognosis assessment, genetic counseling, and appropriate clinical management. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e2716-060b-433e-92e4-2db25c90473e

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