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The American Academy of Pediatrics journals, Pediatrics, Pediatrics in Review, Hospital Pediatrics, NeoReviews & Pediatrics Open Science, are the trusted source for pediatric research. Home to 5 academic journals including Pediatrics, Pediatrics in Review, Hospital Pediatrics, NeoReviews & Pediatrics Open Science. visit https://publications.aap.org/journals.

08/07/2026

The National Academy of Medicine, formerly the Institute of Medicine, defines quality health care as “the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.” In this perspective, we provide a comprehensive overview of quality improvement (QI) methodologies within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), underlining their significance in enhancing health care quality and outcomes. See below for an example of one of the models of improvement presented in the article. https://bit.ly/4wf88Ph

08/03/2026

Hospitalization is a missed opportunity to deliver recommended childhood vaccines, but inpatient vaccination remains uncommon because workflows often lack standardization, timing, and clear ownership. In this qualitative study of 11 US children’s hospitals selected from high- and low-performing tertiles for inpatient vaccine administration, investigators interviewed 36 hospitalists, nurses, and pharmacists to identify determinants of delivery. Key themes included reliance on discharge timing; the importance of inpatient vaccination for children with limited primary care access or during care disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and inconsistent multidisciplinary workflows. The findings support building shared vaccine workflows, assigning accountability, screening earlier during admission, and designing discharge processes that make vaccination a reliable part of inpatient care. https://bit.ly/4b57Ene

07/31/2026

Infants born at 22 to 25 weeks gestational age are at higher risk of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure, mortality, and morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine whether less-invasive surfactant administration (LISA) in the delivery room would decrease CPAP failure compared with early-rescue LISA in the neonatal intensive care unit. https://bit.ly/4wOdm5c

07/30/2026

In this retrospective cohort study of youth aged 1 to 17 years with a new ambulatory diagnosis code for primary hypertension from 2014 to 2024, investigators assessed use of recommended laboratory testing, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, and renal ultrasonography within 6 months of diagnosis. Testing rates after the 2017 AAP guideline were low overall, underscoring the need to build reliable workflows for confirming hypertension, completing age-appropriate laboratory and imaging evaluation, using ambulatory monitoring when feasible to distinguish sustained from white coat hypertension, and avoiding missed opportunities to identify treatable secondary causes or early cardiovascular risk. https://bit.ly/44GqBcg

07/29/2026

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience co-occurring mental health conditions and frequently lose supports and services during the transition period. This study describes sociodemographic characteristics, co-occurring mental and behavioral health conditions, services provided in individualized education programs, and transition planning goals for adolescents with ASD in a population-based sample and highlights the complexities in addressing the diverse transition needs and health outcomes for adolescents with ASD. https://bit.ly/4fxWyIV

07/28/2026

For clinicians caring for children with complicated severe acute malnutrition in resource-limited inpatient settings, the Médecins Sans Frontières Pediatric Early Warning Score may help identify patients at highest risk for deterioration and death. In a longitudinal cohort of 4,215 children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition in Madarounfa, Niger, admission MSF-PEWS category predicted mortality, with children in the red category having 2.58 times the risk of death compared with those in the green category; when scores were assessed over time, children classified as red were 11.9 times more likely to die within the next 48 hours. More severe categories were also associated with longer hospitalization and shorter time to death, supporting MSF-PEWS as a practical tool for prioritizing monitoring, escalation, and resource allocation during inpatient treatment. https://bit.ly/4furREr

07/27/2026

Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by abnormal development or injury to the fetal or infant brain and is the most common cause of lifelong motor disability. This study identified children with a CP diagnosis born in 2014 or 2018 and examined diagnosis age, CP subtype, functional motor skills, and co-occurring conditions to provide population-based prevalence estimates. Learn more about CP prevalence by reading this open-access study. https://bit.ly/4wiaHB5

07/24/2026

Children and adolescents with MIS-C after COVID-19 may have persistent multisystem morbidity for years after the acute illness. In a Montefiore Health System cohort of patients younger than 21 years followed up to 4.5 years after COVID-19, those with MIS-C had substantially higher adjusted risks of cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, and neurologic disorders compared with matched patients without MIS-C. These findings support ongoing surveillance after MIS-C, including blood pressure monitoring, cardiovascular and renal follow-up, neurologic and mental-health screening, and coordinated multidisciplinary care. https://bit.ly/4w2Ugs5

07/23/2026

WIC and SNAP are evidence-based federal nutrition programs that reduce food insecurity and improve child and family health, yet many eligible families remain unenrolled despite rising need. Pediatric clinicians can help close this gap by routinely educating families about these supports, screening for food insecurity and program eligibility, and building referral pathways within health care systems in partnership with community and public agencies. Given anticipated policy changes that may affect access, clinicians also have an important advocacy role in protecting and strengthening nutrition supports for infants, children, and families. https://bit.ly/4vvDG2W

07/22/2026

Statewide universal school meal policies may help reduce food insecurity among households with school-aged children, with effects varying by income group. In this difference-in-differences analysis of 75,122 US households with children ages 6 to 17 years, states that maintained universal school meals after 2022 saw decreases in household and child food insecurity among higher-income households, a decrease in household food insecurity among low–middle-income households, and a decrease in child food insecurity among the lowest-income households, although the latter estimate should be interpreted cautiously because of a parallel trends-assumption violation. https://bit.ly/454FbKE

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