08/26/2026
Most people will have at least one experience with grief during their lifetime. And while everyone grieves differently, there are common elements in the feelings experienced during the grieving process.
In 1969, Swiss-American psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross introduced the “five stage grief model” in her book "On Death and Dying." Based on her years of working with terminally ill individuals, Kübler-Ross noted that grief can be divided into five stages:
▪ Denial
▪ Anger
▪ Bargaining
▪ Depression
▪ Acceptance
Denial is a common defense mechanism typically used to numb the intensity of the situation. It allows for time to gradually process and absorb the intense feelings that accompany a loss. As a person moves out of the denial stage, unpleasant emotions begin to surface.
Anger is considered to be a “masking effect,” superseding feelings of pain and loss. Anger is usually directed at the person who died or towards well-meaning friends and family members. Behaviors rooted in bitterness, resentment, fury, or rage are common.
Bargaining is a line of defense that helps a person postpone sadness and confusion. It’s an attempt to regain control and a misguided attempt to affect the outcome of an event that has already occurred.
Depression is a reaction to the emptiness felt when the reality of a loss begins to be realized. An individual may withdraw from life, feel numb, live in a fog, and not want to get out of bed.
Acceptance signals that a person has accepted the loss and has come to understand that their life has been forever altered. However, it does not mean that a person has moved past their feelings of grief or loneliness.
Grief is subjective, and exactly how long an individual spends in each stage is different for everyone. Some may skip entire stages, enter into only one or two stages, or find that the stages are out of order. If an individual feels stuck for an extended period of time in any phase, they should seek help from family, friends, or trained professionals.
Source:
https://www.healthline.com/health/stages-of-grief
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