06/23/2026
The discovery of hidden awareness, also known as covert consciousness, in seemingly unresponsive patients is raising difficult questions in brain injury care.
First identified in a 2006 study, covert consciousness is detected with advanced neurotechnologies like task-based functional MRI or electroencephalography. In these tests, patients are asked to imagine performing a specific activity, like opening and closing their hand.
“For 25% of patients who cannot physically do that at the bedside, we can see that they are purposefully modulating their brain activity trying to perform the task,” said Brian Edlow, a critical care neurologist and an HMS associate professor of neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital.
At Mayo Clinic, neuroscientists are seeking to understand — and ultimately restore — brain function through advanced computational tools, neuromodulation technologies, and multidisciplinary collaboration.
These new efforts are led by Gelareh Zadeh, M.D., Ph.D., a neurosurgeon and scientist. Dr. Zadeh specializes in neuro-oncology and has clinical expertise in treating brain tumors such as gliomas and meningiomas.