06/12/2026
🫀 Atherosclerosis (Plaque In Arteries): The Silent Process Happening Decades Before a Heart Attack
Heart disease is not simply a “cholesterol problem.” Arterial plaque is a complex inflammatory process involving injury to the blood vessel lining, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, immune activity, and the body’s attempt to repair damage.
🚨 What can contribute to plaque formation?
🔥 Insulin resistance & high blood sugar
Elevated insulin and glucose can damage the delicate lining of blood vessels (the endothelium), promote inflammation, and contribute to unfavorable changes in blood lipids (fat in arteries). This is the most common reason why this process happens.
🦠 Chronic infections & oral health
Persistent infections, especially severe periodontal disease (infections in the mouth like cavities, root canals, cavitations), may increase systemic inflammation and have been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease because they have a direct access point into your bloodstream.
⚡ Oxidative stress
LDL cholesterol particles become more problematic when they are oxidized and contributes to inflammatory processes within the artery wall. The body’s repair response can eventually involve calcium deposition and plaque stabilization.
🌱 Seed Oils
Polyunsaturated Omega 6 Fatty Acids known as seed oils are also a big driver for inflammation, especially in the arteries. This is why omega 3 fatty acids can be beneficial as they essentially counteract one another to control inflammation. The problem is a large majority of our food supply are loaded with seed oils.
🥑 Nutrient status
Nutrients involved in antioxidant defense, vascular function, and metabolism may influence cardiovascular health:
• Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil)
• Vitamin E (preferably tocotrienols)
• Magnesium
• Niacin (vitamin B3)
• B12/Folate vitamins involved in homocysteine metabolism (genetic markers like MTHFR for example are one of the many reasons why they say that heart disease can also be genetically influenced)
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin K2
☣️ Environmental stressors
Air pollution and certain environmental toxins, including mycotoxins (big silent contributor), may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation.
😰 Chronic stress, poor sleep & sedentary lifestyle
Long-term stress hormones, poor recovery, and lack of movement can negatively impact blood sugar regulation, inflammation, and cardiovascular health.
🩸 Iron overload
Chronic excess iron in individuals can contribute to oxidative stress especially in the arteries, making ferritin and iron studies useful in the appropriate clinical context.
🧪 Important blood markers to know
🔬 Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) – The most accurate count of potentially artery-penetrating lipoprotein particles.
🔬 Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] – Another cholesterol particle strongly associated with increased cardiovascular risk though can be genetically influenced.
🔬 NMR Lipoprotein Profile & LDL Particle Number – Looks at the number and size of cholesterol-carrying particles. A high number of small, dense LDL particles is associated with increased risk.
🔬 Lp-PLA2 (PLAC Test) – Evaluates vascular inflammation associated with plaque activity.
🔬 High-Sensitivity CRP & ESR – General markers of inflammation that may provide insight into inflammatory burden.
🔬 Fasting insulin & A1C – Help identify insulin resistance and long-term blood sugar exposure.
🔬 Fasting glucose & Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) – Provides information on glucose, kidney function, liver function, and overall metabolic health.
🔬 Triglycerides, HDL, LDL & Total Cholesterol – Provide a broad picture of lipid metabolism. Triglycerides and HDL patterns can offer clues about metabolic health.
🔬 Omega-3 Index – Assesses omega-3 status, which is associated with cardiovascular health.
🔬 Homocysteine – Elevated levels may reflect impaired methylation pathways and have been associated with vascular risk.
🔬 Iron Panel & Ferritin – Helps identify iron deficiency or excess iron storage.
🔬 Magnesium – Important for blood pressure regulation, vascular tone, and metabolic function.
🔬 Vitamin D – Influences immune regulation, inflammation, and vascular health.
🔬 Testosterone & Hormonal Balance – Hormones can influence body composition, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular health.
🔬 Copper & Ceruloplasmin – Important in oxidative balance, insulin sensitivity, and iron metabolism, though they are not routinely used as primary cardiovascular screening markers and easily get missed.
🩻 What scans can evaluate heart health?
❤️ EKG
Evaluates your heart’s electrical rhythm and may identify previous heart damage or rhythm abnormalities.
🏃 Exercise Stress Test
Shows how your heart responds to physical demand and can reveal signs of reduced blood flow during exercise.
🧱 Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score
A useful screening tool that measures calcified plaque burden. However, it does not directly measure blood flow restriction and does not visualize soft plaque. If a patient has done a lot of work to dramatically improve their health that previous soft plaque can actually harden to the lining of the blood vessel making it look like the calcium score is worse when in reality the blood vessel passageway is more open for adequate blood flow now. Also, if a patient has already a stent put in that will get picked up on the scan and make it look like that artery the stent is in is massively calcified. In essence, Calcium Scores need interpretation in the context of the ENTIRE clinical picture.
🩻 CT Coronary Angiography (CTCA)
One of the most informative non-invasive imaging tools available because it can visualize the coronary arteries, identify both calcified and non-calcified plaque, and evaluate whether plaque is narrowing the vessel. This is my personal preferred way of assessing for arterial plaque and function.
🌿 Lifestyle & supplements commonly explored for cardiovascular support
🥜 Omega-3 Fish Oil – Supports healthy triglyceride levels and inflammatory balance.
🌻 Vitamin E Tocotrienols – Potent antioxidants that may help protect lipids from oxidative damage.
🌱 Magnesium – Supports vascular relaxation, blood pressure regulation, and metabolic health.
🍚 Niacin (Vitamin B3) – Can influence lipid metabolism, though high-dose niacin should only be used under medical supervision due to potential niacin flushing of the skin.
🫘 Nattokinase – A fibrinolytic enzyme derived from fermented soybeans that has been studied for its effects on blood lipids and atherosclerosis.
🌿 Berberine – Supports glucose metabolism and may improve certain lipid markers.
🌺 Hawthorn – Traditionally used to support cardiovascular function.
💊 B12 & Folate – Help regulate homocysteine metabolism.
📚 A fascinating study on Nattokinase
A 2022 clinical study involving 1,062 participants examined high-dose nattokinase (10,800 FU/day) for 12 months. Researchers reported significant improvements in blood lipids and reductions in carotid artery intima-media thickness and carotid plaque size. The study reported improvements in carotid plaque measurements in many participants and noted no significant adverse effects recorded during the study period.
🫀 The biggest takeaway:
The goal is not simply to lower a cholesterol number. The goal is to create an environment where arteries are healthy: stable blood sugar, low inflammation, healthy metabolism, balanced nutrients, regular movement, quality sleep, stress management, and an overall lifestyle that supports vascular integrity.
Your heart health story is written by far more than just your total cholesterol number.