08/07/2020
Acute Coronary Syndrome~
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of conditions characterized by poor blood flow to heart muscle.
ACS includes both unstable angina (increasing chestpain, or chest pain at rest) and myocardialinfarction (heartattack). Most cases are caused by a blocked blood vessel in the heart. Because of the blockage, the heartmuscle does not get enough blood or oxygen. Patients who already have blocked blood vessels in the heart have especially high risk for ACS.
Other risk factors include:
High bloodpressure
High cholesterol
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
Increasing age
What Are the Symptoms?
Pressure-like chest pain
Pain in the shoulders (one or both), jaw, or back
Shortness of breath
Cool, clammy skin
Nausea
Lightheadedness
Other conditions can cause these symptoms. But if you do have ACS, you will need emergency treatment. The time between start of symptoms and treatment should be as short as possible. If you have chest pain, especially if you have 1 or more of the above risk factors, call 911 (in the United States). At the hospital, doctors will examine you and take your medical history. They will also check your heart rhythm and do a bloodtest. This test can show if your heart muscle has been injured.
How Is ACS Treated?
Treatments include medicines to lower your blood pressure, lower your cholesterol, and keep your blood from clotting. These medicines will be started in the hospital, but you will still need to take them after you go home. You may also need to have cardiac catheterization. In this procedure, the doctor injects dye into blood vessels in the heart. This helps show where the vessels are blocked. You might also receive a coronary stent at this time. The stent helps keep blocked blood vessels open. However, you might need to have open heartsurgery instead.
How Can I Reduce My Risk?
Eat a healthful diet
Exercise regularly
Quit smoking (or don’t start)
Control your blood pressure and cholesterol
Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes
Ask your doctor about taking a low-dose aspirin every day.